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Abstract
Single and double chain cationic surfactants were intercalated into Koppies bentonite. The state of the chains in the interlayers was probed using XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The degree of intercalation was determined by TG and exceeded the CEC equivalent value by 30–40%. The degradation onset temperature of about 200°C was independent of the number and length of alkyl chain substituents. The XRD d-spacing was consistent with monolayer interdigitated surfactant intercalation for the C12 and C14 single chain surfactants and with bilayer intercalation of the double chain surfactants. FTIR analysis revealed disordered alkyl chain conformations.
Acknowledgments
Financial support for this research from the Institutional Research Development Programme (IRDP) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa is gratefully acknowledged. We are also grateful for samples and technical support provided by G & W Base & Industrial Minerals. The first author also acknowledges the grace of God that inspired him in moments of darkness.