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Research Article

A novel multi-stack fuel cell hybrid system energy management strategy for improving the fuel cell durability of the hydrogen electric Multiple Units

, , , , &
Pages 1766-1775 | Received 26 May 2023, Accepted 29 Sep 2023, Published online: 10 Oct 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. MFCS topology.

Figure 1. MFCS topology.

Figure 2. Fuel cell polarization curve.

Figure 2. Fuel cell polarization curve.

Table 1. Fuel cell parameters.

Figure 3. Relationship between battery open circuit voltage and SOC.

Figure 3. Relationship between battery open circuit voltage and SOC.

Figure 4. Hierarchical energy management strategy in consideration of fuel cell degradation.

Figure 4. Hierarchical energy management strategy in consideration of fuel cell degradation.

Figure 5. Power distribution of the hybrid system.

Figure 5. Power distribution of the hybrid system.

Figure 6. Comparison of the standard deviation of power.

Figure 6. Comparison of the standard deviation of power.

Figure 7. Degree of MFCS degradation under the three methods.

Figure 7. Degree of MFCS degradation under the three methods.

Figure 8. Fuel cell operating pressure. (a) 1# fuel cell operating pressure based on FSM, (b) 1 # fuel cell operating pressure based on ECMS, (c) 1# fuel cell operating pressure based on HEM-FCD, (d) 2# fuel cell operating pressure based on HEM-FCD.

Figure 8. Fuel cell operating pressure. (a) 1# fuel cell operating pressure based on FSM, (b) 1 # fuel cell operating pressure based on ECMS, (c) 1# fuel cell operating pressure based on HEM-FCD, (d) 2# fuel cell operating pressure based on HEM-FCD.

Figure 9. Comparison of equivalent hydrogen consumption.

Figure 9. Comparison of equivalent hydrogen consumption.

Figure 10. Comparison of SOC variation curve.

Figure 10. Comparison of SOC variation curve.

Table 2. Fuel cell parameters.