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Research Article

The blood acid base and gastrointestinal response to three different forms of sodium citrate encapsulation

D. J. Tinniona Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill, Ormskirk, UKCorrespondence[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-0985 View further author information

F.M. Marticorenab Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8712-4975 View further author information

B. Dobsona Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill, Ormskirk, UK

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-878X View further author information

N. P. Hiltona Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill, Ormskirk, UK

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0204-8967 View further author information

L. R. Mc Naughtona Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill, Ormskirk, UK

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3743-3171 View further author information

S. A. Sparksa Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill, Ormskirk, UK

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-2225 View further author information

Figures & data

Table 1. Individual peak GIS reported following different sodium citrate ingestion forms. Symptom scores are displayed in parentheses and are expressed as arbitrary units (AU).

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Table 2. Frequency and severity of GIS reported following sodium citrate ingestion (n = 14). The most frequent and severe GIS are highlighted.

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Figure 1. Mean (± standard deviation) blood [HCO₃-] (a) and pH (b) pre- and post-intgestion of 0.4 gKg⁻¹ body mass sodium citrate, in gelatine (GEL), delayed-release (DEL) and entericcoated (ENT) capsules. The shaded area represents a 4-6 mmol.L⁻¹ increase in blood [HCO₃-] relative to basline levels. *Some error bars are omitted for clarity.

Figure 1. Mean (± standard deviation) blood [HCO3-] (a) and pH (b) pre- and post-intgestion of 0.4 gKg−1 body mass sodium citrate, in gelatine (GEL), delayed-release (DEL) and entericcoated (ENT) capsules. The shaded area represents a 4-6 mmol.L−1 increase in blood [HCO3-] relative to basline levels. *Some error bars are omitted for clarity.

Figure 2. Mean (± SD) (a) and individual (b) changes in blood [HCO₃-] following ingestion of different sdium citrate ingrestion forms. *signification greated than PLA (P<0.05).

Figure 2. Mean (± SD) (a) and individual (b) changes in blood [HCO3-] following ingestion of different sdium citrate ingrestion forms. *signification greated than PLA (P<0.05).

Table 3. Within trial variation in bicarbonate kinetic variables for different sodium citrate ingestion forms.

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Table 4. Individual blood bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and pH responses following the ingestion of 0.4 g.kg⁻¹ body mass sodium citrate, in gelatine (GEL), delayed-release (DEL) and enteric-coated (ENT) capsules.

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The blood acid base and gastrointestinal response to three different forms of sodium citrate encapsulation

Table 1. Individual peak GIS reported following different sodium citrate ingestion forms. Symptom scores are displayed in parentheses and are expressed as arbitrary units (AU).

Table 2. Frequency and severity of GIS reported following sodium citrate ingestion (n = 14). The most frequent and severe GIS are highlighted.

Table 3. Within trial variation in bicarbonate kinetic variables for different sodium citrate ingestion forms.

Table 4. Individual blood bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and pH responses following the ingestion of 0.4 g.kg⁻¹ body mass sodium citrate, in gelatine (GEL), delayed-release (DEL) and enteric-coated (ENT) capsules.

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The blood acid base and gastrointestinal response to three different forms of sodium citrate encapsulation

Figures & data

Table 1. Individual peak GIS reported following different sodium citrate ingestion forms. Symptom scores are displayed in parentheses and are expressed as arbitrary units (AU).

Table 2. Frequency and severity of GIS reported following sodium citrate ingestion (n = 14). The most frequent and severe GIS are highlighted.

Table 3. Within trial variation in bicarbonate kinetic variables for different sodium citrate ingestion forms.

Table 4. Individual blood bicarbonate (HCO3−) and pH responses following the ingestion of 0.4 g.kg−1 body mass sodium citrate, in gelatine (GEL), delayed-release (DEL) and enteric-coated (ENT) capsules.

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Table 4. Individual blood bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and pH responses following the ingestion of 0.4 g.kg⁻¹ body mass sodium citrate, in gelatine (GEL), delayed-release (DEL) and enteric-coated (ENT) capsules.