Effect of Nano-Clay and Jute Varieties on the Structural, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Polyester Composite

Figures & data

Figure 1. Tossa and white jute fruits, leaves and fiber. (Marrot et al. 2013; Roy International Jute Study Group, Sudripta 2010).

Table 1. Specification of unsaturated polyester resin, catalyst, nano-clay, and NaOH.

Materials Name	Parameter/Elements	Value/grade
Polyester	Appearance	Pink
	Specific gravity at 30°C	1.2 (1.32 when cured)
	Viscosity	400–600 mPs
	Peck exothermic temperature	135–155°C
	Stability in the dark below 25°C	6 months
	Acid value	20–24 mgk^oH/g (Styrenated resin)
	Density	1.15 gm/cm^3
	Tensile Strength	27–35 MPa
Catalyst (MEKP)	Density	1.17 gm/cm^3
	Specific gravity at 20°C	1.128 gm/ml
Nano-clay	Aminopropyltriethoxysilane	0.5–5 wt.%
	Octadecylamine	15–35 wt.%
	Modulus	170 GPa
NaOH	Physical Form	Pellets
	Molecular Weight	40 g/mol

Figure 2. Composite fabrication process of jute-polyester with nano-clay.

Figure 3. XRD pattern of treated and untreated white and tossa fiber.

Table 2. Crystallinity index of untreated, treated tossa and white fiber.

Sample Name	Untreated Tossa Fiber	Treated Tossa Fiber	Untreated White Fiber	Treated White Fiber
Crystallinity	71.23	75.24	70.69	73.62

Figure 4. XRD pattern of treated and untreated tossa fiber composite with and without nano-clay.

Figure 5. XRD pattern of treated and untreated white fiber composite with and without nano-clay.

Table 3. Crystallinity index of different tossa composite and white composite.

Sample Name	Crystallinity	Sample Name	Crystallinity
UT T Composite without NC	58.98	UT T Composite with NC	73.85
UT W Composite without NC	56.67	UT W Composite with NC	70.71
T T Composite without NC	59.68	T T Composite with NC	75.52
T W Composite without NC	57.96	T W Composite with NC	72.99

Figure 6. Tensile stress–strain curves of different tossa composite.

Figure 7. Tensile strength of untreated and treated tossa fiber.

Figure 8. Tensile strength of untreated and treated white fiber.

Figure 9. Flexural strength of untreated and treated tossa fiber.

Figure 10. Flexural strength of untreated and treated white fiber.

Figure 11. TGA of tossa fiber composite without and with nano-clay.

Figure 12. TGA of white fiber composite without and with nano-clay.

Table 4. Thermo gravimetric data for tossa and white jute composite after treatment.

Sample ID	75% Weight loss temperature ^oC		(95–98)% Weight loss temperature ^oC
	Without NC	With 3% NC	Without NC	With 3% NC
Untreated Tossa Jute Composite	411°C	417°C	575.7°C	637°C
Treated Tossa Jute Composite	416°C	422°C	642.6°C	645°C
Untreated White Jute Composite	406°C	411°C	572°C	636°C
Treated White Jute Composite	410°C	418°C	637°C	641°C

Marrot, L., A. Lefeuvre, B. Pontoire, A. Bourmaud, and C. Baley. 2013. Analysis of the hemp fiber mechanical properties and their scattering (Fedora 17). Industrial Crops and Products 51:317–27. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.09.026.

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar