Design and Simulation of Banana Pseudo-stem Fibre Extracting Raspador (Cylinder) Using FEA Technique

Figures & data

Figure 1a. Isometric view of laboratory setup for the measurement of the force required to extract the fibers from banana pseudo-stem.

Figure 1b. Side view of laboratory setup for the measurement of the force required to extract the fibers from banana pseudo-stem.

Figure 2. Circuit diagram for the measurement of the force required to extract the fibers from banana pseudo-stem.

Figure 3a. Calibration curve for load cell.

Figure 3b. Calibration curve for load cell.

Table 1. Physical properties of the selected banana pseudo-stem and parameter for testing the measuring setup.

S.N.	Parameter	Value
Physical properties of the selected banana pseudo-stem
1	Average length of whole stem	2670 mm
2	Average weight of whole stem	37.5 kg
3	Average diameter of whole stem (basal end)	213 mm
4	Average diameter of whole stem (top end)	153 mm
5	Average number of sheaths on the whole stem	22
6	Moisture content (wet basis)	91%
Parameter for testing
1	Test duration	20 s
2	Test speed	0.07 m/s
3	Number of tests	3

Figure 4. Working principle of banana pseudo-stem fiber-extracting raspador (cylinder).

Table 2. Selection of material and CAD models for simulation.

Material	CAD models with tip angle
M1 – high-carbon steel	CAD-α1 – CAD models with 25° tip angle of scratching blade
M2 – medium-carbon steel	CAD-α2 – CAD models with 35° tip angle of scratching blade
M3 – low-carbon steel	CAD-α3 – CAD models with 45° tip angle of scratching blade

Figure 5. Isometric and plan view of the banana pseudo-stem fiber extracting raspador.

Figure 6. 3D-CAD models of the raspador with different tip angles of scratching knife/blade.

Table 3. Physical and mechanical properties of different materials used for simulation.

S. N.	Material	Properties
		Young’s modulus (E), GPa	Poisson’s ratio (ν)	Density (ρ), kg/m^3	Tensile yield strength, MPa	Tensile ultimate strength, MPa	Reference
1	Banana Pseudo-stem	3.49	0.25	1350	54	20	Venkateshwaran, Elayaperumal, and Sathiya (2012) and Masrol, Sudin, and Ibrahim (2013)
2	Low-carbon steel	210	0.3	7850	320	400	Norton (2006) and Chapman (1972)
3	High-carbon steel	200	0.3	7850	525	685	Norton (2006) and Chapman (1972)
4	Medium-carbon steel	210	0.3	7850	345	550	Norton (2006) and Chapman (1972)

Figure 7. (a) Mesh convergence using static structural analysis; (b) mesh convergence using explicit dynamic structural analysis in the Ansys_®.

Figure 8. Real-time graph of force required to scratch the banana pseudo-stem.

Figure 9. Total deformation on the raspador models under static structural analysis test.

Figure 10. Total deformation on the raspador models under explicit dynamic structural analysis test.

Table 4. Comparison of total deformation of raspador models with respect to material and tip angle of the blade in both static structural and explicit dynamic simulation tests.

Material	Total deformation, m
	Static structural test			Explicit dynamic test
	CADα1: CAD models with 25° tip angle	CADα2: CAD models with 35° tip angle	CADα3: CAD models with 45° tip angle	CADα1: CAD models with 25° tip angle	CADα2: CAD models with 35° tip angle	CADα3: CAD models with 45° tip angle
M1 – high-carbon steel	2.59 e^−05	2.07 e^−05	1.55 e^−05	6.99 e^−05	6.36 e^−05	6.18 e^−05
M2 – medium-carbon steel	3.11 e^−05	2.32 e^−05	2.05 e^−05	7.11 e^−05	6.31 e^−05	6.11 e^−05
M3 – low-carbon steel	3.29 e^−05	2.90 e^−05	2.48 e^−05	7.71 e^−05	7.00 e^−05	6.07 e^−05

Figure 11. Maximum principal stress on the raspador models under static structural analysis test.

Figure 12. Maximum principal stress on the raspador models under explicit dynamic structural analysis test.

Table 5. Comparison of maximum principal stress of raspador models with respect to material and tip angle of the blade in both static structural and explicit dynamic simulation tests.

Material	Maximum principal stress, Pa
	Static structural			Explicit dynamic simulation
	CAD-α1 – CAD models with 25° tip angle	CAD-α2 – CAD models with 35° tip angle	CAD-α3 – CAD models with 45° tip angle	CAD-α1 – CAD models with 25° tip angle	CAD-α2 – CAD models with 35° tip angle	CAD-α3 – CAD models with 45° tip angle
M1 – high-carbon steel	1.21 e^07	6.55 e^06	5.46 e^06	7714.0	6302.8	5007.7
M2 – medium-carbon steel	1.44 e^07	8.96 e^06	8.67 e^06	8057.6	7002.4	5857.7
M3 – low-carbon steel	1.72 e^07	1.44 e^07	9.52 e^07	8654.1	7419.4	6154.6

Figure 13. Equivalent elastic strain on the raspador models under static structural analysis test.

Figure 14. Equivalent elastic strain on the raspador models under explicit dynamic structural analysis test.

Table 6. Comparison of equivalent elastic strain of raspador models with respect to material and tip angle of the blade in both static structural and explicit dynamic simulation test.

Material	Equivalent elastic strain, m/m
	Static structural test			Explicit dynamic test
	CAD-α1 – CAD models with 25° tip angle	CAD-α2 – CAD models with 35° tip angle	CAD-α3 – CAD models with 45° tip angle	CAD-α1 – CAD models with 25° tip angle	CAD-α2 – CAD models with 35° tip angle	CAD-α3 – CAD models with 45° tip angle
M1 – high-carbon steel	6.52 e^−05	5.43 e^−05	3.40 e^−05	4.89 e^−08	4.78 e^−08	4.17 e^−08
M2 – medium-carbon steel	4.59 e^−05	4.37 e^−05	3.73 e^−05	4.70 e^−08	4.10 e^−08	3.74 e^−08
M3 – low-carbon steel	3.26 e^−05	3.13 e^−05	2.94 e^−05	4.27 e^−08	3.37 e^−08	3.28 e^−08

Venkateshwaran, N., A. Elayaperumal, and G. K. Sathiya. 2012. Prediction of tensile properties of hybrid-natural fiber composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 43 (2):793–96. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.08.023.

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Masrol, S. R., S. A. Sudin, and M. H. I. Ibrahim. 2013. Mechanical and physical behavior of short and randomly oriented banana pseudo-stem fiber reinforced epoxy composite. International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Research 1 (3):1–7.

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