Bacterial Cellulose: Natural Biomaterial for Medical and Environmental Applications

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic of the review article.

Figure 2. Schematic for bacterial cellulose synthesis methods.

Table 1. Different types of fruit wastes used as carbon source for bacterial cellulose production.

Type of fruit waste as carbon source	Type of Bacterial	Fermentation method	Reference
Citrus peels	Komagataeibacter xylinus CICC No.10529	Static	Fan et al., 2016
Grape pomace extract/corn steep liquor	Acetobacter xylinum NRRL B-42	Static	Cerrutti et al., 2016
Pineapple peel juiceSugar cane juice Sugar cane juice	Gluconacetobacter swingsii	Static	Castro et al., 2011
Grape skins	Gluconacetobacter sacchari	Static	Carreira et al., 2011
Pineapple juice medium (PIJM), Pawpaw juice medium (PAJM), Watermelon juice medium (WMJM), Pawpaw juice medium (PAJM) and Watermelon juice medium (WMJM)	Acinetobacter sp. BAN1Acetobacter pasteurianus PW1 Acetobacter pasteurianus PW1	Static	Adebayo-Tayo et al., 2017
Banana peel	Acetobacter xylinum	Static	Khami et al., 2014
Rotten fruit culture	Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 53,582	Static	Jozala et al., 2016
Pineapple waste medium	Acetobacter xylinum 0416	Static	Zahan et al., 2016
Cashew tree exudates (CTE)Cashew gum (CG) Cashew gum (CG)	Komagataeibacter rhaeticus	Static	Pacheco et al., 2017
Dry olive mill residue	Gluconacetobacter sacchar	Static	Gomes et al., 2013
Mango Peel Waste	Achromobacter S33	Static	Hasanin et al., 2023
Mango pulp waste	Komagataeibacter xylinus	Static	García-Sánchez et al., 2020
Banana fruit (BP) Passion Fruit (FP) Passion Fruit (FP)	Komagataeibacter nataicola TISTR 2661	Static	Moukamnerd et al., 2020
Orange, Papaya, Mango & Banana fruit Juice & fruit extracts	Komagataeibacter europeaus 14,148	Static	Tseng et al., 2023
Orange peel waste	Gluconacetobacter xylinus	Static	Tseng et al., 2023
Pomegranate peel, apple peel, Kiwifruit peel and Melon peel (Peel hydrolyzates)Tomato pulp Tomato pulp	Komagataeibacter hansenii GA2016	Static	Güzel and Akpınar, 2020
Banana, Papaya, Dragon fruit and Mango peels	Acetobacter xylinum	Static	Singhaboot and Kroeksakul, 2022
Grapefruit and Orange peel and juice	Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans DSM 15,973	Static	Andritsou et al., 2018

Figure 3. Biomedical applications of bacterial cellulose.

Figure 4. Environmental applications of BC.

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