Impacts of Yarn Hairiness and Voluminous on Weft Yarn Speed and Twist Loss in Air-Jet Weaving

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of yarns measured before weaving.

Yarn type	Count(Ne)	Twist (TPM)	Diameter($mm$)	Hairiness	Strength(cN/Tex)
Ring	16	830	0.350	8.57	7.86
Rotor	16	899	0.388	6.73	7.45

where the hairiness index value of H is the length, in cm, of every fiber end that protrudes from a yarn segment with a length of one cm.

Table 2. Fabric sample specification.

Fabric parameters	Values
Fabric structure	Plain
Width (cm)	168
Warp density (end/cm)	16
Weft density (end/cm)	16
Warp count (Ne)	16
Total number of warp ends	3330

Table 3. Coded and actual level values of the factors.

Factor type	Selected factor	Coded levels of the factors		Actual levels of the factors
		Low	High	Low	High
Yarn	Ring/Rotor	−1	+1	Ring yarn	Rotor yarn
Air-jet machine	Speed (RPM)	−1	+1	300	510
	Left-side relay nozzle(LSRN) (bar)	−1	+1	2	4
	Right-side relay nozzle(RSRN) (bar)	−1	+1	3	6.5

Table 4. Experimental design with actual value of factors.

Run	Factors
	A:Yarn type	B:Loom speed	C: LSRN	D: RSRN	Twist loss(TPM)
		RPM	Bar	Bar
1	Rotor	300	4	6.5
2	Rotor	300	2	3
3	Rotor	300	4	3
4	Rotor	300	2	6.5
5	Ring	510	4	3
6	Rotor	510	2	6.5
7	Rotor	510	4	6.5
8	Ring	300	4	6.5
9	Ring	510	2	6.5
10	Rotor	510	2	3
11	Ring	300	2	3
12	Rotor	510	4	3
13	Ring	510	2	3
14	Ring	300	4	3
15	Ring	300	2	6.5
16	Ring	510	4	6.5

Figure 1. Ring-spun and rotor-spun weft yarn speeds.

Table 5. Ring and rotor-spun yarn twist loss results from different combinations of factors.

	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4	Response 1
		B:Loom speed	C:Left side relay nozzle air pressure (LSRN)	D:Right side relay nozzle air pressure (RSRN)	Twist loss
Run	A:Yarn type	RPM	Bar	Bar	TPM
1	Ring	300	2	6.5	120
2	Ring	510	2	6.5	96
3	Rotor	510	2	6.5	69
4	Ring	300	2	3	84
5	Rotor	300	4	6.5	121
6	Ring	300	4	3	99
7	Rotor	300	2	6.5	102
8	Ring	510	2	3	52
9	Rotor	510	4	3	66
10	Rotor	300	4	3	85
11	Rotor	510	2	3	19
12	Ring	510	4	3	90
13	Ring	510	4	6.5	77
14	Rotor	300	2	3	61
15	Rotor	510	4	6.5	45
16	Ring	300	4	6.5	123

Figure 2. Twist loss of ring and rotor weft yarn, run 1 (510 rpm, 2 bar LSRNN and 3 bar RSRNP), run 2 (510 rpm, 4 bar LSRP and 6.5 bar RSRNP), run 3 (300 rpm, 2 bar LSRNP and 3 bar RSRNP), run 4 (510 rpm 4 bar LSRNP and 3 bar RSRNP), run 5 (510 rpm, 2 bar LSRNP and 6.5 bar RSRNP), run 6 (300 rpm, 4 bar LSRNP and 3 bar RSRNP), run 7 (300 rpm, 2 bar LSRNP and 6.5 bar RSRNP), and run 8 (300 rpm, 4 bar LSRNP and 6.5 bar RSRNP).

Figure 3. Impact of yarn type on weft yarn twist loss.

Table 6. ANOVA for weft yarn twist loss for rotor- and ring-spun yarns at various loom speeds and air pressure.

Source	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F-value	p-value
Model	12424.06	9	1380.45	26.52	.0004	significant
A-Yarn type	1870.56	1	1870.56	35.93	.0010
B-Loom speed	4935.06	1	4935.06	94.79	<.0001
C-LSRN	663.06	1	663.06	12.74	.0118
D-RSRN	2425.56	1	2425.56	46.59	.0005
AC	52.56	1	52.56	1.01	.3538
BC	22.56	1	22.56	0.4334	.5348
BD	370.56	1	370.56	7.12	.0371
CD	1314.06	1	1314.06	25.24	.0024
BCD	770.06	1	770.06	14.79	.0085
Residual	312.38	6	52.06
Cor Total	12736.44	15

Table 7. Values of coefficients determination.

R^2	0.9755
Adjusted R^2	0.93
Predicted R^2	0.82

Figure 4. Actual vs predicted value of graph for twist loss.

Figure 5. Impacts of loom speed in weft yarn twist loss.

Figure 6. Effect of air pressure on twist loss.

Figure 7. Interaction effects of loom speed with right side relay nozzles air pressure (a) and Interaction effects of right and left side relay nozzles air pressure (b) on yarn twist loss.