Optimization of Process Parameters for Bamboo Fiber Extraction by Steam Explosion

Figures & data

Figure 1. Process flow chart of BFs preparation.

Table 1. The design of the level of orthogonal experimental factor.

Factor level	Solid–liquid ratio	Explosion pressure/MPa	Explosion holding time/min
1	2:1(A1)	1.4(B1)	1(C1)
2	1:1(A2)	1.8(B2)	4(C2)
3	1:2(A3)	2.2(B3)	7(C3)

Table 2. The number of BFs obtained under different steam explosion processes.

Samples	Solid–liquid ratio	Explosion pressure/MPa	Explosion holding time/min
C1	2:1	1.4	1
C2	2:1	1.8	7
C3	2:1	2.2	4
C4	1:1	1.4	7
C5	1:1	1.8	4
C6	1:1	2.2	1
C7	1:2	1.4	4
C8	1:2	1.8	1
C9	1:2	2.2	7

Figure 2. (a) Yields of different types of BFs under different steam explosion processes. (b) Changes in color parameters of BFs under different steam explosion process.

Table 3. Orthogonal experimental combination and results for different steam exploded BFs.

Experiment no.	A solid–liquid ratio	B explosion pressure (MPa)	C explosion holding time (min)	Fine fiber yield (%)
1	1(2:1)	1(1.4)	1(1)	15.59
2	1(2:1)	2(1.8)	3(7)	35.02
3	1(2:1)	3(2.2)	2(4)	39.07
4	2(1:1)	1(1.4)	3(7)	9.31
5	2(1:1)	2(1.8)	2(4)	18.39
6	2(1:1)	3(2.2)	1(1)	13.40
7	3(1:2)	1(1.4)	2(4)	4.65
8	3(1:2)	2(1.8)	1(1)	3.96
9	3(1:2)	3(2.2)	3(7)	16.59
K1	89.68	41.10	25.20
K2	29.55	57.37	69.06
K3	32.95	62.11	6.92
	29.89	13.7	8.4
	9.85	19.12	23.02
	10.98	2.70	2.31
R	21.49	13.17	9.72

Where K₁, K₂, K₃ are the sum of level 1, 2, and 3 under each indicator, respectively, $\overline{K_1}$, $\overline{K_2}$, $\overline{K_3}$ are the average value of K₁, K₂, and K₃.

Table 4. Orthogonal experimental ANOVA for different steam exploded BFs.

Source	Sum of squares (SS)	Degree of freedom (DF)	Mean square (MS)	F-Value	p-Value
Solid-liquid ratio	752.277	2	376.139	682.799	＜.01
Explosion pressure (MPa)	274.628	2	137.314	249.264	＜.01
Explosion holding time (min)	181.560	2	90.780	164.792	＜.01
Error	1.102	2	0.551

Figure 3. Changes in (a) length and (b) diameter of BFs under different steam explosion processes.

Figure 4. (a) Surface and (b) cross-section microstructure of BFs under different steam explosion processes.

Figure 5. (a) FT-IR spectra and (b) XRD pattern of BFs under different steam explosion processes.

Figure 6. EMC values of BFs under different steam explosion processes plotted against relative humidity during (a) adsorption and (b) desorption.

Figure 7. (a) Hysteresis and (b) hysteresis coefficient of BFs under different steam explosion processes.

Figure 8. (a) TG and (b) DTG curves of BFs under different steam explosion processes.

Table 5. Thermogravimetric data of BFs under different steam explosion processes.

Samples	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6	C7	C8	C9
Tmax (℃)	376	378	380	374	375	374	374	371	382
Residue at 800°C (%)	17.98	15.89	16.23	17.51	16.94	16.92	17.59	18.16	15.70

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.