Laboratory and Field Testing of Sampling Methods for Inhalable and Respirable Dust

Abstract

The performance of four sampling devices for inhalable dust and three devices for respirable dust was tested with different kinds of dusts in the laboratory and in the field. The IOM sampler was chosen as the reference method for inhalable dust, and the IOM sampler provided with the porous plastic foam media was used as the reference method for respirable dust. The other tested instruments were the Button sampler, the optical Grimm aerosol monitor, and the Dekati two-stage cascade impactor with cutoff sizes of 10 and 4 μ m. The study confirmed the applicability of the IOM and Button samplers. The new foam product followed the respirable criteria well. However, the foam sampler was unstable for measuring inhalable dust, probably due to its moisture absorption. In addition, high dust loads should be avoided with the foam sampler due to increase in filtering efficiency. The concentrations of inhalable dust measured with the Button sampler, the Grimm monitor, and the impactor sampler were usually close to those measured with the reference sampler. On the other hand, impactor sampling yielded higher respirable dust concentrations than the reference method in the field, which may have been caused by particle bounce; high dust loads should be avoided while using the impactor. The results also showed that the Grimm monitor enables real-time dust concentration determinations that are accurate enough for routine monitoring of occupational exposure and for testing efficiency of control measures in workplaces.

Keywords:

• aerosol monitoring
• cascade impactor
• inhalable dust
• IOM samplers
• particle size-selective sampling
• respirable dust

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank Juhani Piirainen, Sirkka Roivainen, Juhani Rautiainen, and Juhani Utela for their skillful technical assistance. Thanks are also due to Taisto Raunemaa for his comments and suggestions, and Maria Hirvonen for her help with the statistical analyses.

The results were previously presented, in part, at IOHA 2005 – 6th International Scientific Conference, September 19–23, 2005, in Pilanesberg, South Africa.

The study was financially supported by the Finnish Work Environment Fund.