Center for the Polyurethanes Industry summary of unpublished industrial hygiene studies related to the evaluation of emissions of spray polyurethane foam insulation

Figures & data

Table 1. Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs).

CAS Number	Chemical	Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL)	Type of OEL	OEL Units
101-68-8	Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate	0.02	OSHA Ceiling^a	ppm
		0.005	ACGIH TLV-TWA^b	ppm
		50	NL OEL^c	µg/m^3
108-01-0	Dimethylethanolamine (DMEA)	3	Ontario OEL-TWA^d	ppm
		6	Ontario -STEL	ppm
280-57-9	Triethylenediamine (TEDA)	1	Ontario OEL-TWA	ppm
		3	Ontario -STEL	ppm
149-57-5	2-Ethylhexanoic Acid	5^(IFV)^e	ACGIH TLV-TWA	mg/m^3
3033-62-3	Bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (BDMAEE)	0.05	ACGIH TLV-TWA	ppm
		0.15	ACGIH - STEL	ppm
98-94-2	N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA)	5	Ontario -STEL	Ppm
75-07-0	Acetaldehyde	25	ACGIH Ceiling	ppm
50-00-0	Formaldehyde	0.75	OSHA PEL	ppm
		2	OSHA STEL	ppm
		0.3	ACGIH Ceiling	ppm
74-40-0	Triethyl Phosphate (TEP)	7.45	AIHA WEEL-TWA^f	mg/m^3
460-73-1	1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa)	300	AIHA WEEL -TWA	ppm
811-97-2	1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a)	1,000	AIHA WEEL-TWA	Ppm

^a OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits^[27]

^b ACGIH Threshold Limit Values^[21]

^c Netherlands Occupational Exposure Limits^[18]

^d Ontario Occupational Exposure Limits^[29]

^e Inhalable fraction and vapor^[21]

^f American Industrial Hygiene Association Workplace Environmental Exposure Levels^[16]

Occupational Exposure Limits accessed June 15, 2015

Table 2. CPI Ventilation Study. Medium-density high-pressure closed-cell formulation - 10.4 air changes/hour.

Description	Time (min)	2,4-MDI (ppm)	4,4-MDI (ppm)	pMDI (mg/m3)	BDMAEE (ppm)	TMAEEA (ppm)	DAPA (ppm)	TCPP (ppm)	HFC 245fa (ppm)
Spray Applicator	13	0.00380	0.02800	0.21	0.630	<0.257	2.31	0.160	182
Session 1
Morning
Stationary sample	18	0.00390	0.02500	0.29	1.38	<0.183	3.79	0.290	281
Session 1
Morning
30 min after application	60	<0.00015	<0.00015	<0.0016	<0.039	<0.053	0.14	0.002	<4.91
Spray Applicator	20	0.00580	0.03700	<0.41	2.51	<0.151	7.67	0.370	365
Session 2
Afternoon
Stationary sample	20	0.00480	0.03200	0.36	2.80	<0.141	9.87	0.390	313
Session 2
Afternoon
30 min after application	53	<0.00016	<0.00016	<0.0016	0.084	<0.083	0.32	0.005	<4.79
Spray Applicator	24	0.00330	0.02300	0.33	2.00	<0.119	5.67	0.280	599
Session 3
Morning
Stationary sample	24	0.00440	0.02800	0.35	2.63	<0.119	8.80	Invalid	365
Session 3
Morning
30 min after application	45	<0.00021	<0.00021	<0.0021	0.051	<0.058	<0.090	0.0049	<4.92
Spray Applicator	22	0.00300	0.01900	0.17	2.38	<0.139	7.42	0.370	379
Session 4
Afternoon
Stationary sample	24	0.00280	0.01800	0.20	3.20	<0.118	12.48	0.330	309
Session 4
Afternoon
30 min after application	61	<0.00014	<0.00014	<0.0014	0.440	<0.053	<0.084	0.0061	<4.92
Occupational Exposure Limit			0.02 C OSHA 0.005 TLV-TWA		0.05 TLV-TWA 0.15 TLV -STEL				300 TWAAIHA WEEL

Table 3. CPI ventilation study. Low-density high-pressure open-cell formulation - 10.4 air changes/hour.

Description	Time (min)	2,4-MDI (ppm)	4,4-MDI (ppm)	pMDI (mg/m3)	BDMAEE (ppm)	TMAEEA (ppm)	TMIBPA (ppm)	TCPP (ppm)
Spray Applicator	21	0.00380	0.02000	0.18	0.75	0.33	<0.225	0.14
Session 1
Morning
Stationary sample	23	0.00090	0.	<0.179	1.37	0.40	<0.222	0.12
Session 1
Morning
30 min after application	60	<0.00016	<0.00016	<0.043	0.18	<0.055	<0.086	0.0036
Spray Applicator	22	0.00310	0.0170	0.17	1.04	0.40	<0.197	0.17
Session 2
Afternoon
Stationary sample	23	0.0010	0.001	<0.122	0.40	<0.125	<0.196	0.16
Session 2
Afternoon
30 min after application	61	<0.00016	<0.00016	<0.046	1.04	0.24	<0.091	0.0075
Spray Applicator	21	0.0020	0.011	0.11	0.90	0.30	<0.220	0.14
Session 3
Morning
Stationary sample	21	<0.00046	0.001	<0.198	1.78	0.44	<0.228	0.16
Session 3
Morning
30 min after application	60	<0.00016	<0.00016	<0.047	0.24	<0.055	<0.086	0.0064
Spray Applicator	20	0.0025	0.013	0.12	1.45	0.41	<0.219	0.22
Session 4
Afternoon
Stationary sample	20	0.0052	0.021	0.13	2.42	0.52	<0.263	0.24
Session 4
Afternoon
30 min after application	61	<0.00016	<0.00016	<0.049	0.16	<0.055	<0.087	0.0039
Occupational Exposure Limit			0.02 C OSHA0.005 TLV-TWA		0.05 TLV-TWA0.15 TLV-STEL

Table 4. CPI ventilation study. Low-pressure closed-cell kit formulation - 10.4 air changes/hour.

Description	Time (min)	2,4-MDI (ppm)	4,4-MDI (ppm)	pMDI (mg/m3)	PMDETA (ppm)	HFC-134a (ppm)	TCPP (ppm)
Spray Applicator	30	0.0008	0.0004	<0.102	1.06	11372	0.22
Session 1
Morning
Stationary sample	30	0.0005	0.0004	<0.088	1.41	8083	0.16
Session 1
Morning
30 min after application	61	<0.00016	<0.00016	<0.050	0.50	590	0.002
Spray Applicator	Void	n/a	n/a	n/a	2.71	5009	0.06
Session 2
Afternoon
Stationary sample	22	0.0009	<0.00044	<0.140	3.77	7000	0.05
Session 2
Afternoon
30 min after application	62	<0.00015	<0.00015	<0.050	0.09	188	0.002
Spray Applicator	26	0.0010	0.0031	<0.111	2.02	10286	0.04
Session 3
Morning
Stationary sample	25	0.0006	0.0014	<0.112	1.01	5963	0.002
Session 3
Morning
30 min after application	61	<0.00015	<0.00015	<0.042	0.07	197	0.0023
Spray Applicator	24	0.0005	0.0012	<0.0118	1.76	7806	0.0.05
Session 4
Afternoon
Stationary sample	23	<0.00042	0.0005	<0.138	2.58	6133	0.030
Session 4
Afternoon
30 min after application	62	<0.00015	<0.00015	<0.040	0.11	293	0.0034
Occupational Exposure Limit			0.02 C OSHA0.005 TLV-TWA

Table 5. CPI ventilation study. Medium-density high-pressure closed-cell formulation - 233 air changes/hour.

Description	Time (min)	2,4-MDI (ppm)	4,4-MDI (ppm)	pMDI (mg/m3)	BDMAEE (ppm)	TMAEEA (ppm)	DAPA (ppm)	TCPP (ppm)	HFC 245fa (ppm)
Spray Applicator	20	<0.00048	0.0011	0.080	<0.110	<0.151	<0.088	0.018	<15.1
Session 1
Morning
Stationary sample	21	0.0035	0.036	0.550	0.290	<0.151	0.43	0.077	22
Session 1
Morning
30 min after application	62	<0.00014	<0.00014	<0.045	<0.038	<0.052	<0.03	<0.00033	<4.92
Spray	20	<0.00053	0.0041	<0.120	<0.118	<0.161	<0.094	0.018	25
Applicator
Session 2
Afternoon
Stationary sample	19	0.0035	0.035	0.540	0.190	<0.150	0.028	0.041	31
Session 2
Afternoon
30 min after application	61	<0.00015	<0.00015	<0.46	<0.040	<0.055	<0.032	<0.00033	<4.79
Occupational Exposure Limit			0.02 C OSHA0.005 TLV-TWA		0.05 TLV-TWA0.15 TLV -STEL

Table 6. CPI ventilation study. Low-density high-pressure open-cell formulation - 233 air changes/hour.

Description	Time (min)	2,4-MDI (ppm)	4,4-MDI (ppm)	pMDI (mg/m3)	BDMAEE (ppm)	TMAEEA (ppm)	TMIBPA (ppm)	TCPP (ppm)
Spray Applicator	20	0.00053	0.0064	0.110	<0.123	<0.169	<0.264	0.027
Session 1
Morning
Stationary sample	20	0.0023	0.022	0.370	0.270	<0.156	<0.244	0.036
Session 1
Morning
30 min after application	61	<0.0002	<0.0002	<0.046	<0.039	<0.053	<0.083	<0.0003
Spray Applicator	20	<0.00048	0.0031	<0.151	<0.124	<0.170	<0.266	0.016
Session 2
Afternoon
Stationary sample	20	0.0030	0.031	0.450	<0.116	<0.159	<0.249	0.022
Session 2
Afternoon
30 min after application	60	<0.0002	0.00025	<0.048	<0.039	<0.053	<0.083	<0.0003
Occupational Exposure Limit			0.02 C OSHA0.005 TLV-TWA		0.05 TLV-TWA0.15 TLV -STEL

Table 7. CPI ventilation study. Medium-density high-pressure closed-cell formulation - 598 air changes/hour.

Description	Time (min)	2,4-MDI (ppm)	4,4-MDI (ppm)	pMDI (mg/m3)	BDMAEE (ppm)	TMAEEA (ppm)	DAPA (ppm)	TCPP (ppm)	HFC 245fa (ppm)
Spray Applicator	19	<0.00045	0.003	<0.108	<0.124	<0.170	<0.099	0.0025	<15.1
Session 1
Morning
Stationary sample	20	0.0005	0.007	0.08	<0.106	<0.146	<0.085	<0.0010	<15.1
Session 1
Morning
30 min after application	60	<0.00015	<0.00015	<0.046	<0.038	<0.053	<0.030	<0.00035	<4.55
Spray Applicator	23	0.0012	0.013	0.17	<0.095	<0.131	<0.076	0.0075	<12.1
Session 2
Afternoon
Stationary sample	22	0.0004	0.006	0.08	<0.097	<0.133	<0.077	<0.0010	<12.1
Session 2
Afternoon
30 min after application	60	<0.0002	<0.0002	<0.047	<0.039	<0.053	<0.031	<0.0004	<4.55
Spray Applicator	19	0.0019	0.021	0.27	<0.138	<0.190	<0.110	0.0030	<14.0
Session 3
Morning
Stationary sample	22	0.0004	0.005	<0.061	<0.108	<0.148	<0.086	<0.00099	<13.0
Session 3
Morning
30 min after application	62	<0.00017	<0.00017	<0.054	<0.038	<0.052	<0.030	<0.00031	<4.34
Spray Applicator	19	0.0022	0.025	0.32	<0.127	<0.174	<0.101	<0.0010	<14.0
Session 4
Afternoon
Stationary sample	21	0.0006	0.007	0.08	<0.109	<0.149	<0.086	<0.00095	<14.0
Session 4
Afternoon
30 min after application	61	<0.00014	<0.00014	<0.044	<0.042	<0.058	<0.034	<0.00033	<4.55
Occupational Exposure Limit			0.02 C OSHA0.005 TLV-TWA		0.05 TLV-TWA0.15 TLV -STEL

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Department of Labor: “Permissible Exposure Limits. Subpart Z. Toxic and Hazardous Substances”. Available at https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9992 (accessed June 15, 2015).

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