Double gloving of disposable nitrile gloves exposed to diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether

Abstract

Double gloving of disposable gloves is now commonplace in healthcare settings when extra protection is needed against aqueous solutions and especially for antineoplastic drugs in isotonic aqueous media. In the present study, an ASTM F739 2.54 cm cell with closed-loop water collection without recirculation at 35 °C in a moving tray water bath was used to test the permeation of diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (DGBE) through four types of disposable nitrile gloves that were singly and doubly layered in the permeation cell. Samples were taken over 8 hr for capillary gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer quantitation. The breakthrough time (t_n) at a permeation of 250 ng/cm² increased as thickness increased for single layers, but the steady-state permeation rates P_s in µg/cm²/min did not always decrease with increasing thickness. The double-layer t_n, P_s and thickness were also more variable relative to a single layer. The thinnest glove with 80 $\mathrm{\mu }$m thickness showed a t_n = 0–5 min whereas its double layer was 15–20 min. The thickest glove of 132 µm exhibited a t_n = 10–15 min but its double layer was t_n = 45–55 min. The adjusted double-layer average t_n divided by the adjusted single-layer average t_n was 4.0 ± 0.8. The adjusted average single-layer P_s divided by the adjusted average double-layer P_s was 3.5 ± 0.8. Other results showed that the average glove swelling was <10%; microscopic and leak testing indicated no penetration and reflectance infrared analysis also showed no chemical changes on the inside glove surfaces. Thus, the permeations were adjudged to obey Fick’s First Law of Diffusion to allow calculation of diffusion coefficients D in cm²/min. The average single-layer D divided by the average double-layer D was 1.3 ± 0.2. Double gloving in the field is therefore also probably more protective than single gloving against DGBE for the four types of disposable nitrile gloves tested.

Keywords:

• Breakthrough time
• diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether
• disposable nitrile gloves
• double gloving
• permeation

Acknowledgments

The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official view of CDCP/NIOSH.

Disclosure statement

The authors deny conflict of interest in the present study.

Additional information

Funding

Funding was from NIOSH/CDC RO1 OH009250 and the UCLA Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Sayaka Takaku-Pugh was also supported by CDC/NIOSH T42 OH009412.