Updated assessment of occupational safety and health hazards of climate change

Figures & data

Figure 1. Summary schematic of the Schulte and Chun (2009) conceptual framework of the relationship between climate change and occupational safety and health.

Figure 2. Overview of search strategy and study objectives.

Table 1. Populations disproportionately affected by select biological hazards.

Biological hazards	Workers at risk	Occupational health effects
Giant hogweed	Outdoor workers	Phytodermatitis
Molds	Indoor and outdoor workers, remediation and construction workers (Johanning et al. 2014; Poole et al. 2019), teachers, and school staff (US EPA 2014; Claudio et al. 2016)	Fungal diseases, asthma, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Sheehan et al. 2017; D'Amato et al. 2020)
Mycotoxins/Aflatoxins	Cereal and feed production, storage, and transportation; animal husbandry, including dairy farming, poultry, and swine; bulk food imports; sugar factory workers; grain milling; textile production; bakeries; composting plants; tanneries; museums (Gutarowska et al. 2014; Viegas et al. 2016; Skóra et al. 2017; Wangia et al. 2019; Valencia-Quintana et al. 2020; Viegas et al. 2020; Habschied et al. 2021)	Mycotoxicoses, liver/kidney damage, immune suppression, cancer, and respiratory issues (Freire and da Rocha 2016)
Coccidioides fungus	Outdoor workers who perform work that involves ground disturbance in construction, archeology, prison employment, wildland firefighting, outdoor film making, solar panel farm building, military, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction (Wilken et al. 2015; Freedman et al. 2018; de Perio et al. 2019; Pearson et al. 2019)	Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever)
Cryptostroma corticale fungus	Woodsmen, foresters, sawyers, and paper mill workers (Braun et al. 2021)	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Maple Bark Disease)
Histoplasma fungus	Bridge inspectors or painters; chimney cleaners, construction workers; demolition workers; farmers; gardeners; heating and air-conditioning system installation/repair workers; microbiology laboratory workers; pest control workers; historic building restorationists; roofers; and water tower maintenance workers (NIOSH 2004; Benedict and Mody 2016)	Histoplasmosis
Aeroallergens, pollen	Outdoor workers	Increased exacerbation of existing allergic rhinitis and asthma (Shusterman 2014; Levy and Patz 2015a) Newly developed pollen allergies (Lee et al. 2021)

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