The role of long non-coding RNAs in mediating chemoresistance by modulating autophagy in cancer

Figures & data

Table 1. The roles of lncRNAs in cancer

LncRNA	Oncogene/TSG	Cancer	Effect	Mechanism	Ref
DANCR	Oncogene	Prostate	↑Invasion, metastasis	↓ TIMP 2/3 transcription	^[72]
MALAT1	Oncogene	Thyroid	↑Angiogenesis	↑FGF2 secretion	^[73]
LUCAT1	Oncogene	Breast	↑Stemness	As a miR-5582-3p sponge	^[74]
HOTTIP	Oncogene	Ovarian	↑Immune escape	↑PD-L1 transcription	^[75]
PVT1	Oncogene	Gastric	↑Angiogenesis	↑VEGFA transcription	^[76]
HOTAIR	Oncogene	Liver	↑Stemness	↓SETD2 transcription	^[77]
SLNCR1	Oncogene	Melanoma	↑Invasion	↑MMP9 transcription	^[78]
IGFBP4–1	Oncogene	Lung	↑Proliferation, metastasis	↑Aerobic glycolysis	^[79]
HULC	Oncogene	Liver	↑Angiogenesis	↑SPHK1 transcription	^[80]
GAS5	TSG	Cervical	↓Metastasis, ↑Apoptosis	NA	^[81]
AOC4P	TSG	HCC	↓Metastasis	↑Vimentin degradation, ↓EMT	^[82]
MEG3	TSG	Breast	↓Proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis	↓AKT pathway	^[83]
FENDRR	TSG	NSCLC	↓Stemness	↓MDR1 transcription	^[84]
LINC01133	TSG	Colorectal	↓Metastasis, EMT	Interacts with SRSF6	^[85]

TSG, tumour suppressor gene; TIMP 2/3, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 2/3; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor-2; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; VEGFA, vascular endothelial growth factor A; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; SPHK1, sphingosine kinase 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NSCLC, non-small-cell lung carcinoma.

Figure 1. Roles of lncRNAs in cancer

Figure 2. Molecular schematic of autophagy process

Table 2. LncRNAs and their function in chemoresistance

LncRNA	Effect	Cancer	Drug	Mechanism	Ref
UCA1	↑Resistance	Bladder	Cisplatin	↑Wnt6 transcription	^[136]
CASC2	↓Resistance	Glioma	TMZ	Targeting miR‐181a, ↑PTEN transcription	^[137]
MALAT1	↑Resistance	Lung	Cisplatin	↑MRP1, MDR1 transcription	^[138]
FENDRR	↓Resistance	Osteosarcoma	Doxorubicin	↓ABCB1, ABCC1 transcription	^[139]
NEAT1	↑Resistance	Ovarian	Paclitaxel	Targeting miR-194, ↑ZEB1 transcription	^[140]
HOTAIR	↑Resistance	Gastric	Cisplatin	Targeting miR-126, ↑ PI3 K/AKT/MRP1 pathway activity	^[141]
MEG3	↓Resistance	Bladder	Cisplatin	↑Apoptosis	^[142]
PCAT6	↑Resistance	Colorectal	5-FU	Targeting miR-204, ↑HMGA2/PI3 K signalling activity	^[143]
GHET1	↑Resistance	Bladder	Gemcitabine	↑ABCC1 transcription	^[144]
KCNQ1OT1	↑Resistance	Tongue	Cisplatin	Targeting miR-211-5p	^[145]
TUG1	↑Resistance	Colorectal	5-FU	As a miR-197-3p sponge	^[146]

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