Figures & data
FIG. 1 IL-1α release from cultured macrophages after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1α levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. #p < 0.05 when compared to 0.2 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. %p < 0.05 when compared to 1.6 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. Results are the average of three independent experiments.
![FIG. 1 IL-1α release from cultured macrophages after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1α levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. #p < 0.05 when compared to 0.2 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. %p < 0.05 when compared to 1.6 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. Results are the average of three independent experiments.](/cms/asset/ea851f86-014f-4680-a4d4-f2bfa8c7e938/iimt_a_214068_uf0001_b.gif)
FIG. 2 IL-1β release from cultured macrophages after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1β levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. #p < 0.05 when compared to 0.2 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. %p < 0.05 when compared to 1.6 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. Results are the average of three independent experiments.
![FIG. 2 IL-1β release from cultured macrophages after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1β levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. #p < 0.05 when compared to 0.2 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. %p < 0.05 when compared to 1.6 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. Results are the average of three independent experiments.](/cms/asset/74d5df3f-7478-46a4-9d06-beb83d4f1db1/iimt_a_214068_uf0002_b.gif)
FIG. 3 Nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured macrophages after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the NO production in culture supernatants were measured by Nitric Oxide assay kit. Data were presented as mean values ± standard error of the mean (SEM).* p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. #p < 0.05 when compared to 0.2 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. %p < 0.05 when compared to 1.6 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. Results are the average of three independent experiments.
![FIG. 3 Nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured macrophages after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the NO production in culture supernatants were measured by Nitric Oxide assay kit. Data were presented as mean values ± standard error of the mean (SEM).* p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. #p < 0.05 when compared to 0.2 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. %p < 0.05 when compared to 1.6 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. Results are the average of three independent experiments.](/cms/asset/6e3a92dd-8a8d-42f8-9ecd-20a16564295c/iimt_a_214068_uf0003_b.gif)
FIG. 4 IL-1α release from cultured type II epithelial cells after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1α levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. Results are the average of three independent experiments.
![FIG. 4 IL-1α release from cultured type II epithelial cells after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1α levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. Results are the average of three independent experiments.](/cms/asset/7e3228c2-0367-42b2-ab81-437a326c623c/iimt_a_214068_uf0004_b.gif)
FIG. 5 IL-1β release from cultured type II epithelial cells after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1β levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. Results are the average of three independent experiments.
![FIG. 5 IL-1β release from cultured type II epithelial cells after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1β levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. Results are the average of three independent experiments.](/cms/asset/24f24307-c23b-435f-a6a1-eb5c4985c24a/iimt_a_214068_uf0005_b.gif)
FIG. 6 Nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured type II epithelial cells after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the NO production in culture supernatant were measured by Nitric Oxide assay kit. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. #p < 0.05 when compared to 0.2 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. %p < 0.05 when compared to 1.6 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. Results are the average of three independent experiments.
![FIG. 6 Nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured type II epithelial cells after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the NO production in culture supernatant were measured by Nitric Oxide assay kit. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. #p < 0.05 when compared to 0.2 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. %p < 0.05 when compared to 1.6 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. Results are the average of three independent experiments.](/cms/asset/bc21d32e-0b6e-4fb6-b5d5-594aec63ea0a/iimt_a_214068_uf0006_b.gif)
FIG. 7 IL-1α release from co-cultures after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1α levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. #p < 0.05 when compared to 0.2 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. %p < 0.05 when compared to 1.6 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. Results are the average of three independent experiments.
![FIG. 7 IL-1α release from co-cultures after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1α levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. #p < 0.05 when compared to 0.2 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. %p < 0.05 when compared to 1.6 μ g/ml JP-8 exposure group. Results are the average of three independent experiments.](/cms/asset/69a83d1d-7997-4545-a664-02ca2bd5d4bb/iimt_a_214068_uf0007_b.gif)
FIG. 8 IL-1β release from co-cultures after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1β levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. Results are the average of three independent experiments.
![FIG. 8 IL-1β release from co-cultures after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the IL-1β levels in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05 when compared to the control value. Results are the average of three independent experiments.](/cms/asset/ac4eca53-8cf6-4218-b90d-98134d254749/iimt_a_214068_uf0008_b.gif)
FIG. 9 Nitric oxide (NO) production in co-cultures after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the NO production in culture supernatant were measured by Nitric Oxide assay kit. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. Results are the average of three independent experiments.
![FIG. 9 Nitric oxide (NO) production in co-cultures after treatments of JP-8, substance P, [Sar9 Met (O2)11] substance P, and their combinations. Cells were cultured for 24 hr and the NO production in culture supernatant were measured by Nitric Oxide assay kit. Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. Results are the average of three independent experiments.](/cms/asset/148449e8-df8d-4c36-b835-92ef2ea9baee/iimt_a_214068_uf0009_b.gif)