Flying less, mobility practices, and well-being: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway

Figures & data

Figure 1. Empirical framework.

Table 1. Long-distance low-carbon travel and elements of practice.

Variables/Model	1	2	3	4
Infrastructure (present and past)
North	−0.296**			−0.282**
	(0.115)			(0.119)
Central	−0.062			−0.293***
	(0.107)			(0.108)
East	−0.014			−0.0741
	(0.0950)			(0.0968)
Oslo	0.189*			−0.246**
	(0.110)			(0.113)
West	−0.135			−0.273***
	(0.101)			(0.102)
Values and norms
Relative intrinsic goal orientation		0.0384**		0.0327*
		(0.0188)		(0.0177)
Compares income		−0.149**		−0.121**
		(0.0584)		(0.0552)
Employed		−0.205***		−0.0487
		(0.0612)		(0.0592)
Born in Norway		−0.280***		−0.146
		(0.1072)		(0.101)
Children		−0.132***		−0.0620**
		(0.0307)		(0.0295)
Resources, competences, and skills
University degree			0.127**	0.120**
			(0.0510)	(0.0578)
Personal income			−6.98e–06***	−6.14e–06***
			(1.29e–06)	(1.49e–06)
Cultural activities			0.154***	0.170***
			(0.0309)	(0.0332)
Local engagement			0.048**	0.0267
			(0.0213)	(0.0224)
Sustainable travel (short)			0.307***	0.301***
			(0.0166)	(0.0209)
Constant	1.157***	1.624***	0.162	0.555**
	(0.162)	(0.201)	(0.141)	(0.220)
Observations	2,014	1,719	2,014	1,719
R-squared	0.026	0.044	0.1875	0.204

Note: The control variables age, gender, and health status are used in the four models but not included in the table. South is the reference group for region. Robust standard errors are in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.