Influence of physical training on intracellular and extracellular zinc concentrations

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the two study groups

	CG (n = 20)	TG (n = 20)
Age (years)	19.25 ± 0.39	18.15 ± 0.27
Weight (kg)	73.45 ± 9.04	68.59 ± 4.18*
Height (m)	1.79 ± 0.06	1.76 ± 0.04
Muscle (%)	44.22 ± 5.71	49.03 ± 2.56*
Fat (%)	15.64 ± 5.78	9.32 ± 2.76*
VO2 max (mL/Kg/min)	45.61 ± 4.95	61.02 ± 4.35**
VE (L/min)	88.34 ± 11.18	120.56 ± 18.79**
Resting heart rate (bpm)	67.31 ± 6.49	54.41 ± 5.29*
Maximum heart rate (bpm)	189.3 ± 7.1	193.8 ± 6.5
Physical activity (MET-hours/weekly)	27.36 ± 4.45	56.13 ± 6.21**

Table 2. Nutritional intakes of both groups

	CG (n = 20)	TG (n = 20)
Energy (kcal/day)	2112.34 ± 345.78	2456.16 ± 504.11
Water (L/day)	1.145 ± 0.241	1.421 ± 0.356
Carbohydrates (g/kg/day)	3.11 ± 1.28	3.98 ± 1.78
Proteins (g/kg/day)	1.25 ± 0.37	1.44 ± 0.41
Lipids (g/kg/day)	1.51 ± 0.47	1.64 ± 0.31
Zn (mg/day)	15.18 ± 8.21	13.58 ± 7.94

Table 3. Erythrocytes and platelets values in both groups

	CG (n = 20)	TG (n = 20)	ES
Erythrocytes (cell 10^12/L)	4.81 ± 0.72	4.76 ± 0.89	0.14
Platelets (cell 10^9/L)	190.23 ± 67.13	198.35 ± 60.51	0.17

Table 4. Plasma, serum, and urinary concentrations of Zn

	CG (n = 20)	TG (n = 20)	ES
Plasma (μg/L)	1335.44 ± 251.74	1550.56 ± 239.16**	0.63
Serum (μg/L)	804.90 ± 137.59	832.72 ± 123.14	0.15
Urine (μg/L)	438.77 ± 229.45	336.45 ± 163.90	0.37

Table 5. Relative and absolute values of Zn in erythrocytes and platelets

	CG (n = 20)	TG (n = 20)	ES
Erythrocytes (μg/L)	6569.33 ± 1185.07	5570.57 ± 908.70**	0.68
Erythrocytes (pg/cell10^−6)	1368.61 ± 238.45	1185.22 ± 205.39*	0.52
Platelets (μg/L)	377.27 ± 76.72	330.56 ± 98.13	0.38
Platelets (pg/cell 10^−3)	1.983 ± 0.411	1.666 ± 0.496	0.32

Figure 1. This figure shows the relevant results of the study. A: Plasma Zn concentrations; B: absolute Zn levels in erythrocytes; C: Zn concentrations relative to erythrocyte cells; Zn = Zinc; CG = control group; TG = training group; ES = effect size; *p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.