Pre-sleep feeding, sleep quality, and markers of recovery in division I NCAA female soccer players

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive characteristics.

	n = 14
Height (cm)	167.9 ± 4.87
Weight (kg)	64.1 ± 6.9
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.7 ± 0.5
Age (yrs)	20.8 ± 1.4

Cm centimeters, kg kilograms, kg/m² kilogram/meters², yrs years. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Figure 1. Overall project timeline.

Figure 2. Sample monthly timeline.

Table 2. Average pre-sleep macronutrient intake.

	n = 14
Kilocalories	330 ± 284
Carbohydrate (g)	46.2 ± 40.5
Protein (g)	7.6 ± 7.3
Fat (g)	12 ± 10.5

kcals kilocalories, g grams. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Table 3. Pre-sleep macronutrient intake and recovery and sleep metrics.

			Recovery			Sleep
		Amount	RHR (bpm)	HRV (ms)	Recovery (%)	Sleep (hrs)	Wake Periods
Kcals	Low	144.4 ± 59.0	50.5 ± 7.0	98.6 ± 36.4	64.2 ± 21.3	6.9 ± 2.1	13.3 ± 3.6
	High	427.0 ± 220.0	50.5 ± 6.5	85.3 ± 35.0	63.2 ± 27.4	8.3 ± 1.5	14.7 ± 4.2
Pro (g)	Low	2.2 ± 1.3	51.2 ± 5.8	91.4 ± 19.1	73.9 ± 14.6	7.6 ± 1.1	13.9 ± 3.3
	High	15.6 ± 7.5	50.6 ± 7.7	91.7 ± 50.1	51.2 ± 23.7	7.0 ± 2.3	12.7 ± 4.1
Fat (g)	Low	5.2 ± 2.6	50.8 ± 7.8	88.5 ± 25.2	63.1 ± 23.4	6.7 ± 2.3	14.2 ± 3.0
	High	18.8 ± 7.6	50.7 ± 6.3	95.3 ± 46.8	62.0 ± 26.7	7.8 ± 1.3	13.6 ± 4.5
Cho (g)	Low	22.7 ± 9.2	52.0 ± 7.7	89.3 ± 40.2	61.2 ± 25.1	7.1 ± 2.0	13.3 ± 3.6
	High	66.3 ± 30.9	47.4 ± 2.0	99.1 ± 26.7	62.1 ± 12.2	8.1 ± 1.1	14.7 ± 13.8

g grams, % percent, ms milliseconds, bpm beats per minute, hrs hours. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Table 4. Recovery linear regression data.

	RHR			HRV			Recovery Score
Predictors	Estimates	CI	P	Estimates	CI	P	Estimates	CI	P
Kcal Intercept	51.14	47.47–54.81		91.56	71.37–111.76		62.97	52.16–73.79
Kcal (high)	0.3	−2.41–3.1	0.836	1.34	−11.37–14.06	0.836	1.46	−10.46–13.38	0.81
Pro Intercept	50.92	47.08–54.77		93.58	72.84–114.31		69.48	60.18–78.78
Pro (High)	0.71	−2.22–3.63	0.637	−2.67	−16.06–10.73	0.696	−11.41	−23.18–0.36	0.057
Fat Intercept	50.57	46.82–54.31		91.17	70.99–111.35		64.32	53.72–74.93
Fat (High)	1.55	−1.16–4.26	0.262	1.98	−10.52–14.48	0.756	−1.44	−13.17–10.29	0.81
Cho Intercept	51.79	47.66–55.92		92.6	70.90–114.30		64.08	51.34–76.83
Cho (low)	−0.65	−3.55–2.25	0.661	−0.61	−13.83–12.60	0.927	−0.61	−13.05–11.84	0.924

Table 5. Sleep linear regression data.

	Sleep Duration			Sleep Disturbances
Predictors	Estimates	CI	P	Estimates	CI	P
Kcal Intercept	422.47	369.11-475.82		10.26	8.18-12.35
Kcal (high)	34.85	-6.77 - 76.47	0.101	0.84	-1.2-2.88	0.421
Pro Intercept	432.23	373.16-491.30		10.93	8.79-13.06
Pro (high)	8.86	-35.37-53.09	0.695	-0.49	-2.61-1.63	0.652
Fat Intercept	423.23	367.86-478.59		10.77	8.72-12.83
Fat (high)	29.36	-11.51-70.24	0.159	-0.25	-2.27-1.77	0.809
Cho Intercept	460.06	399.25-520.86		10.84	8.43-13.25
Cho (low)	-30.42	-73.88-13.04	0.17	-0.26	-2.41-1.89	0.814