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Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition Volume 20, 2023 - Issue 1
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Research Article

The effect of a short-term ketogenic diet on exercise efficiency during graded exercise in healthy adults

Wonhee Choa Syracuse University, Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse, NY, USA;b Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South KoreaView further author information
,
Hwaebong Jungc Yonsei University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul, South KoreaView further author information
,
Sunghyun Hongb Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South KoreaView further author information
,
Hyuk In Yangb Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South KoreaView further author information
,
Dong-Hyuk Parkb Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South KoreaView further author information
,
Sang-Hoon Suhd Yonsei University, Department of Physical Education, Seoul, South KoreaView further author information
,
Dong Hoon Leeb Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South Korea;e Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA, USA;f Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang, SingaporeView further author information
,
Yong-Sahm Choeg gIsenlab Inc, iSenLab R&D center, Seongnam, South KoreaView further author information
,
Joon Young Kima Syracuse University, Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse, NY, USAView further author information
,
Wooyoung Leec Yonsei University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul, South KoreaCorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
&
Justin Y. Jeonb Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South Korea;h Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, South Korea;i Yonsei University, Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Seoul, South KoreaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7978-4271View further author information
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Article: 2264278 | Received 03 Nov 2022, Accepted 22 Sep 2023, Published online: 04 Oct 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study design. Abbreviation: REE; resting energy expenditure.

Figure 1. Study design. Abbreviation: REE; resting energy expenditure.

Table 1. Participants’ characteristics.

Figure 2. Exercise efficiency at mixed diet and after short-term ketogenic diet. Abbreviation: MD; mixed diet, KD; ketogenic diet, CHO; carbohydrate. *: significant difference of P < .05, between MD and KD. #: significant difference of P < .05, between compared to baseline value.

Figure 2. Exercise efficiency at mixed diet and after short-term ketogenic diet. Abbreviation: MD; mixed diet, KD; ketogenic diet, CHO; carbohydrate. *: significant difference of P < .05, between MD and KD. #: significant difference of P < .05, between compared to baseline value.

Figure 3. Substrate utilization at mixed diet and after short-term ketogenic diet. CHO (a); fat (b). Abbreviation: MD; mixed diet, KD; ketogenic diet, CHO; carbohydrate. *: significant difference of P < .05, between MD and KD. #: significant difference of P < .05, between compared to baseline value.

Figure 3. Substrate utilization at mixed diet and after short-term ketogenic diet. CHO (a); fat (b). Abbreviation: MD; mixed diet, KD; ketogenic diet, CHO; carbohydrate. *: significant difference of P < .05, between MD and KD. #: significant difference of P < .05, between compared to baseline value.

Table 2. Metabolic values after a mixed and 3-day ketogenic diet during graded exercise protocol.

Figure 4. Fasting blood parameters. Abbreviation: MD; mixed diet, KD; ketogenic diet. Free fatty acids (a); BOHB (b); glucose (c); insulin (d); cortisol (e). *: significant difference of P < .05, between MD and KD. #: significant difference of P < .05, between compared to baseline value.

Figure 4. Fasting blood parameters. Abbreviation: MD; mixed diet, KD; ketogenic diet. Free fatty acids (a); BOHB (b); glucose (c); insulin (d); cortisol (e). *: significant difference of P < .05, between MD and KD. #: significant difference of P < .05, between compared to baseline value.

Table 3. Hormonal response to ketogenic diet and during exercise protocol.

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