Investigating the Various Effects of Pear Packaging Box Design Factors Subject to Stress Forces

Figures & data

Table 1. Specifications of each invoice.

Factors	Specifications of each invoice	Unit
material types	Polyethylene – Polypropylene – Lorg Wood	– –
thickness	0.35–0.50–0.65	Cm
spacing of the holes in the floor and body of the boxes	2.1–2.4–2.7	Cm
hole types	Circular – square – rectangular	– -

Figure 1. The size of the intended spaces; a) holes’ spacing on floor; b) body thickness of the box; c) holes’ spacing on the box body; d) box width; f) box height.

Figure 2. Type of the holes on the designed box, A: square; B: circular; C: rectangular.

Table 2. Structural specifications of the designed boxes’ material.

	Box material
properties	Polyethylene	Polypropylene	Lorg Wood	Unit
Density	950	904	430	kg/m3
Permissible tensile strength	20	31	53	Mpa
Ultimate tensile strength	38	38	74	Mpa
Permissible compressive strength	19	38M	26MPa	Mpa
Ultimate compressive strength	25	55	37	Mpa
Modulus of elasticity	0.80	1.75	0.01	Gpa

Figure 3. Selected pages to load.

Table 3. Variance analysis of maximum equivalent stress, equivalent elastic strain, shear elastic strain, normal stress and shear stress exerted on the boxes and total deformation.

		Equivalent Stress(Pa)		Equivalent Elastic Strain(m/m)		Total Deformation(m)
		MS	FV	MS	FV	MS	FV
Box material	2	21338.1	0.01	5.40E-19	0.01	9.21E-22	0.02
Box thickness	2	7598142.9	4.80*	2.50E-16	5.51**	2.19E-19	5.10**
Holes type	2	100493135.7	63.55**	2.84E-15	62.50**	3.16E-18	73.75*
Holes spacing	2	7542876.3	4.77*	1.93E-16	4.25*	3.00E-19	7**
Box material ×thickness	4	9964.7	0.01	2.77E-19	0.01	8.57E-22	0.02
Box material ×holes type	4	17058.1	0.01	3.59E-19	0.01	8.47E-22	0.02
Box material ×holes spacing	4	4925.3	00	2.38E-19	0.01	6.38E-22	0.01
Thickness ×holes type	4	7154466.6	4.52*	2.21E-16	4.87**	2.12E-19	4.96**
Thickness ×holes spacing	4	9241409.8	5.84**	2.641622E-16	5.80**	2.53E-19	5.90**
Holes type ×holes spacing	4	7284009.5	4.61**	1.94E-16	4.27**	2.42E-19	5.64**
Error		1581353.1		4.55E-17		4.29E-20
		Shear Elastic Strain(m/m)		Normal Stress(Pa)		Shear Stress(Pa)
Box material	2	1.25E-18	0.02	13288.71	0.03	17847.01	0.06
Box thickness	2	3.92E-16	4.84*	2027130.24	4.82*	1221576.46	4.04*
Holes type	2	4.97E-15	61.35**	22337668.90	53.15**	16259022.06	53.76**
Holes spacing	2	3.37E-16	4.16*	1220070.32	2.90	947373.25	3.13
Box material ×thickness	4	6.61E-19	0.01	12128.07	0.03	8344.12	0.03
Box material ×holes type	4	1.09E-18	0.01	12252.44	0.03	16288.62	0.05
Box material ×holes spacing	4	3.42E-19	00	8070.43	0.02	6815.83	0.02
Thickness ×holes type	4	3.70E-16	4.57**	2086858.25	4.97**	903255.45	2.99*
Thickness ×holes spacing	4	4.77E-16	5.88**	2425358.91	5.77**	172.1447	5.69**
Holes type ×holes spacing	4	3.37E-16	4.16**	1382003.44	3.29*	965953.41	3.19*
Error		8.11E-17		420289.30		302459.58

*,** denotes the significant difference at 1% level (p < 0.01) and at 5% level (p < 0.05) respectively.

MS = Mean Square – FV = F Value

Figure 4. Red line: the mutual effect of the holes’ spacing and holes’ type on equivalent stress. Black line: the mutual effect of holes’ spacing and box edge thickness on the equivalent stress.

Figure 5. The mutual effect of types of the box holes on box edge thickness on equivalent stress.

Figure 6. The effect of box material on equivalent stress.

Figure 7. Red line: the mutual effect of the holes’ spacing and holes’ type on total deformation. Black line: the mutual effect of holes’ spacing and box edge thickness on total deformation.

Figure 8. The mutual effect of holes’ spacing on box edge thickness on total deformation.

Figure 9. The effect of box material on total deformation.

Figure 10. Red line: the mutual effect of the holes’ spacing and holes’ type on the equivalent elastic strain. Black line: the mutual effect of holes’ spacing and box edge thickness on the equivalent elastic strain.

Figure 11. The mutual effect of types of the box holes on box edge thickness on equivalent elastic strain.

Figure 12. The effect of box material on equivalent elastic strain.

Figure 13. Red line: the mutual effect of the holes’ spacing and holes’ type of normal stress. Black line: the mutual effect of holes’ spacing and box edge thickness on normal stress.

Figure 14. The mutual effect of holes’ spacing on box edge thickness on normal stress.

Figure 15. The effect of box material on normal stress.

Figure 16. Red line: the mutual effect of the holes’ spacing and holes’ type of shear stress. Black line: the mutual effect of holes’ spacing and box edge thickness on shear stress.

Figure 17. The mutual effect of types of the box holes on box edge thickness on shear stress.

Figure 18. The effect of box material on shear stress.

Figure 19. Red line: the mutual effect of the holes’ spacing and holes’ type on the shear elastic strain. Black line: the mutual effect of holes’ spacing and box edge thickness on the shear elastic strain.

Figure 20. The mutual effect of Holes’ spacing on box edge thickness on the shear elastic strain.

Figure 21. The effect of box material on the shear elastic strain.