Adoption of Roguing to Contain Banana Bunchy Top Disease in South-East Bénin: Role of Farmers’ Knowledge and Perception

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of South-East Bénin presenting the communes of Adjarra and Akpro-Missérété.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of variables used in knowledge and adoption models.

Variables	Description	Expected signs	Mean	Standard deviation	Min	Max
Age	Age of the respondent (years)	±	48.110	15.960	19	80
Sexe	Gender of the respondent (0 = Female; 1 = Male)	+	0.661	0.475	0	1
Tailm	Size of the household	+	7.065	3.331	1	17
Instru	Level of education of the respondent (0 = No, 1 = Primary, 2 = Secondary, 3 = High school, 4 = University)	+	1.522	0.890	1	5
supban	Banana farm size (ha)	±	0.040	0.040	0.01	0.20
vulgar	Access to extension services (0 = No; 1 = Yes)	+	0.317	0.467	0	1
Form	Participation to at least one training on banana production (0 = No; 1 = Yes)	+	0.199	0.400	0	1
Rapaff	Annual banana income (FCFA)	+	104 089	76 964	8 000	500 000
Zone	Location (0 = control; 1 = pilot)	+	0.527	0.501	0	1
pergbon	Overall perception on the technology compared to endogenous practices (0 = Endogenous practices are perceived more advantageous than the technology/The two methods provide the same advantages; 1 = The technology is more advantageous than endogenous practices)	+	0. 285	0.453	0	1

Table 2. Knowledge of roguing and sources of information.

Knowledge of the method	BBTD project	CARDER	Farmers of the community	Farmers of another community	Total
Frequency	22	28	34	8	92
Proportion (%)	23.91	30.43	36.96	8.7	100

Table 3. Perception of farmers on the technology compared to endogenous practices.

Criteria	Perception Index
	Mean	stdev	Rank
Efficiency	0.93	0.13	1
Quality of the harvest	0.88	0.15	2
Total cost of carrying out the method	0.65	0.20	11
Time taken to carry out the method	0.54	0.22	15
Labor to be mobilized	0.58	0.20	14
Health expenses	0.86	0.13	3
Simplicity of use	0.81	0.18	5
Simplicity of learning	0.80	0.19	6
Simplicity of transfer	0.79	0.18	7
Barriers to use	0.85	0.12	4
Key people influence	0.74	0.15	8
Level of knowledge required	0.70	0.19	9
Influence of the community	0.62	0.18	12
Access to technical support (trainings/demonstration)	0.70	0.23	10
Access to healthy planting materials	0.59	0.23	13

Table 4. Overall perception of farmers on technology compared to endogenous practices.

Overall Perception	Mean	stdev
Performance	0.74	0.17
Ease of use	0.80	0.10
Social pressure	0.73	0.11
External support	0.65	0.21
Overall Perception Index	0.74	0.08

Table 5. Adoption rates of roguing.

Parameters	Values	Robust standard error
Adoption rate in the full population (ATE)	0.56***	0.08
Adoption rate within the subpopulation exposed (ATE1)	0.73***	0.04
Adoption rate within the subpopulation not exposed (ATE0)	0.40**	0.13
Joint Exposure and Adoption rate (JEA)	0.36***	0.02
Estimated population adoption gap (GAP = ATE-JEA)	−0.20**	0.07
Expected population selection bias (PBS = ATE1-ATE)	0.17**	0.06
Knowledge rate (Ne/N)	0.49***	0.04
Total of observations (N)	186
Number of farmers exposed (Ne)	92
Number of adopters	65

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.

Table 6. Determinants of access to information and adoption of the method.

		Access to information		Adoption
Variables	Description	Coefficients	Error-types	Coefficients	Error-types
zone	Location	1.358***	0.237	1.102***	0.311
form	Participation to at least one training on banana production	0.985**	0.427	1.083***	0.400
age	Age	−0.011	0.008	0.007	0.010
sexe	Gender	0.092	0.264	0.089	0.297
instru	Level of education	−0.028	0.137	0.124	0.189
tailm	Size of the household	0.040	0.036	0.019	0.038
vulgar	Contact with extension services	1.059***	0.291	0.683**	0.296
pergbon	Overall perception on the technology compared to endogenous practices			2.268***	0.401
rapaff	Annual banana income			−4.35E^−06*	2.35E^−06
supban	Banana farm size			6.52E^−04*	3.95E^−04
_cons		−0.922	0.583	−2.588***	0.818
Log pseudo likelihood		−79.168344		−48.411103
Wald chi2(9)		99.49***		75.98***
Pseudo R^2		0.3859		0.5934

*p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.