Diversity of Local and Wild Pear Germplasm in Central Regions of Iran

Figures & data

Table 1. Local names, scientific name, code and characteristics of collection site of pear genotypes

Local name	Scientific name	Code	Collection site	Latitude	Longitude	Altitude (m)
Amroud	P. syriaca	KB1	Kashan	33 47ʹ 39.9ʹ’ N	51 13ʹ 44ʹ’ E	2020
Hoseini	P. communis	KB2	Kashan	31 36ʹ 44.3ʹ’ N	51 33ʹ 15.9ʹ’ E	2464
Hendi	P. communis	KB3	Kashan	32 07ʹ 55.4ʹ’ N	51 38ʹ 56.3ʹ’ E	1819
Torsheh	P. communis	KB4	Kashan	32 28ʹ 22.8ʹ’ N	51 41ʹ 53.5ʹ’ E	1599
Barzouk	P. communis	KB5	Kashan	32 28ʹ 22.8ʹ’ N	51 41ʹ 53.5ʹ’ E	1599
Late ripening	P. communis	SV1	Semirom	31 31ʹ 56.6ʹ’ N	51 19ʹ 56.6ʹ’ E	2250
Kalanjir	P. glabra	SV2	Semirom	32 36ʹ 56.6ʹ’ N	51 27ʹ 56.6ʹ’ E	1631
Armoun	P. communis	SV3	Semirom	31 29ʹ 48.6ʹ’ N	51 35ʹ 43.5ʹ’ E	1620
Khoj	P. communis	SV4	Semirom	32 36ʹ 42.3ʹ’ N	51 17ʹ 37.1ʹ’ E	1650

Table 2. Some climatic characteristics of collection site of genotypes

Collection site	The average annual rainfall (mm)	Minimumtemperature (°C)	Averagetemperature (°C)	Maximumtemperature (°C)
Kashan	95	−5	20	46
Semirom	544	−17	12	33

Table 3. Abbreviation and measurement method for recorded traits

Trait	Abb.	Unit	Measurement method
Tree vigor	TV	Code	Extremely weak (1), Weak (3), Intermediate (5), Vigorous (7), Extremely vigorous (9)
Tree growth habit	TGH	Code	Upright (1), Semi upright (3), Semi spreading (5), Spreading (7), Drooping (9)
Tree size	TS	Code	Very small (1), Small (3), Medium (5), Large (7), Very large (9)
Foliage Density	FD	Code	Very low (1), Low (3), Intermediate (5), High (7), very high (9)
Tree height	TH	Code	Very short (1), Short (3), Medium (5), Long (7), Very long (9)
Bearing Habit	BH	Code	Spur (1), Annual shoot (3), Annual shoot and spur (5)
Biennial Bearing	BB	Code	Without (1), Very low (3), Low (5), High (7), Very high (9)
Suckering Tendency	ST	Code	Without sucker (1), Very low (3), Low (5), High (7), Very high (9)
Peduncle Length	PL	mm	Ruler (average of 10 peduncles)
Diameter of Flower	DF	mm	Caliper (average of 10 flowers)
Flowering time	FT	Code	Very early (1), Early (3), Intermediate (5), Late (7), Very late (9)
Flower density	FD	Code	Very low (1), Low (3), Medium (5), High (7), Very high (9)
Leaf length	LL	mm	Ruler (average of 10 leaves)
Leaf width	LW	mm	Ruler (average of 10 leaves)
Leaf shape	LS	Code	Narrow (1), Elliptical (3), Wide oval (5), Oval (7), Oval-stretch (9)
Petiole length	PTL	mm	Ruler (average of 10 petioles)
Leaf Density	LD	Code	Very low (1), Low (3), Medium (5), High (7), Very high (9)
Fruit Ripening Time	FRT	Code	Very soon (1), Soon (2), Middle (3), Late (4), Very late (5)
Fruit Size	FS	Code	Very small (1), Small (3), Medium (5), Large (7), Very large (9)
Fruit weight	FW	gr	Digital scale (average of 10 fruits)
Fruit length	FL	mm	Caliper (average of 10 fruits)
Fruit diameter	FDI	mm	Caliper (average of 10 fruits)
Fruit Volume	FV	mm	Graduated cylinder
Color of Fruit	CF	Code	Light yellow (1), Dark yellow (3), Bright green (5), Dark green (7), Yellowish green (9)
Fruit Firmness	FF	Kg/cm^2	Pentameter (average of 10 fruits)
Total Soluble Solid	TSS	%	Refractometer (average of 10 fruits)
Titrable Acidity	TA	%	Titration
Edible Quality	EQ	Code	Very weak (1), Weak (3), Medium (5), Good (7), Very good (9)

Table 4. Mean, Range and coefficient of variation in the studied traits

Characteristics	Coefficient of variation (%)	Standard deviation	Minimum	Mean	Maximum
Peduncle Length (PL)	24.5	5.58	20	22.77	37
Diameter of Flower (DF)	17.64	5	20	28.33	35
Leaf length (LL)	16.9	8.9	42	52.66	70
Leaf width (LW)	42.86	14.62	18	34.11	69
Petiole Length (PTL)	26.95	9.67	26	35.88	53
Fruit weight (FW)	79.04	103.99	25	131.55	325
Fruit length (FL)	41.85	22.88	18	54.66	95
Fruit diameter (FDI)	41.8	21.04	13	50.33	81
Fruit Volume (FV)	39.57	66.22	40	167.33	260
Fruit Firmness (FF)	32.92	1.86	3.4	5.65	8
Total Soluble Solid (TSS)	19.11	2.08	8	10.88	13
Titrable Acidity (TA)	17.05	0.73	3.2	4.28	5.5

Table 5. Mean of quantitative registered traits for nine genotypes of pear

Pear genotype	PL	DF	LL	LW	PTL	FW	FL	FDI	FV	FF	TSS	TA
KB1	22.33bc	40a	65a	17 c	50a	62d	55 c	36d	96e	5bc	9b	3.2a
KB2	22.33bc	40a	49abcd	41a	25d	74 cd	55 c	56b	172d	3 c	13a	4.6a
KB3	20.66 c	37.33a	44 cd	31abc	35b	226b	100a	81a	210 c	4 c	12a	3.7a
KB4	21.66bc	25bbc	46bcd	31abc	34bc	70 cd	55 c	47bc	165d	3 c	12a	3.5a
KB5	22bc	35ab	59ab	35ab	53a	240b	58 c	51bc	225b	5bc	13a	4.1a
SV1	22bc	30abc	58ab	29abc	37b	325a	80b	75a	260a	5bc	12.5a	4.5a
SV2	21 c	20 c	56abc	28abc	26d	25e	18e	13e	40 f	7.66a	7 c	4a
SV3	37a	30abc	42d	23bc	33bc	78 cd	36d	42 cd	166d	7a	9b	5a
SV4	25b	30abc	50abcd	30abc	29 cd	84 c	40d	42 cd	172d	6.66ab	8.5bc	4.5a

Table 6. Qualitative registered traits for nine genotypes of pear

Pear genotype	TV	TGH	TS	FD	TH	BH	BB	ST
KB1	Vigorous	Upright	Large	High	Long	Annual shoot and spur	Without	Without sucker
KB2	Intermediate	Semi upright	Medium	Low	Medium	Spur	Very low	Very low
KB3	Intermediate	Semi spreading	Medium	Intermediate	Medium	Spur	Very low	Very low
KB4	Intermediate	Semi upright	Large	Intermediate	Long	Annual shoot and spur	Very low	Very low
KB5	Vigorous	Upright	Large	High	Long	Annual shoot and spur	Very low	Very low
SV1	Intermediate	Semi upright	Medium	Intermediate	Medium	Annual shoot and spur	Very low	Very low
SV2	Weak	Semi upright	Large	Intermediate	Long	Annual shoot and spur	Very low	Very low
SV3	Vigorous	Upright	Large	High	Long	Annual shoot and spur	Very low	High
SV4	Vigorous	Upright	Large	High	Long	Annual shoot and spur	Very low	High
Pear genotype	FT	FD	LS	LD	FRT	FS	CF	EQ
KB1	Early	High	Oval	High	Late	Small	Bright green	Weak
KB2	Intermediate	Medium	Oval	Medium	Soon	Medium	Dark yellow	Very good
KB3	Intermediate	High	Oval	Medium	Late	Large	Dark yellow	Good
KB4	Early	High	Oval	Medium	Late	Medium	Dark yellow	Very good
KB5	Intermediate	High	Oval-stretch	High	Late	Large	Dark yellow	Good
SV1	Intermediate	High	Oval-stretch	High	Very late	Very large	Bright green	Good
SV2	Intermediate	Very high	Narrow	Medium	Middle	Very small	Dark green	Very weak
SV3	Intermediate	Very high	Oval	Medium	Very late	Medium	Bright green	Weak
SV4	Intermediate	Very high	Wide oval	Medium	Late	Small	Bright green	Weak

Table 7. Results of simple correlation analysis for some studied characteristics

	TV	BD	FT	FD	FS	EQ	FW	FL	FDI	FV	FF	TSS	TA
TV	1
BD	0.75*	1
FT	−0.134	−0.134	1
FD	0.088	0.619	0.189	1
FS	0.144	−0.144	0.231	−0.459	1
EQ	−0.08	−0.557	−0.106	−0.816**	0.689*	1
FW	0.075	−0.008	0.357	−0.271	0.903**	0.44	1
FL	0.054	−0.232	−0.008	−0.576	0.812**	0.652	0.768*	1
FDI	0.059	−0.386	0.238	−0.621	0.863**	0.747*	0.734*	0.911**	1
FV	0.312	−0.04	0.315	−0.364	0.935**	0.663	0.843**	0.731**	0.849**	1
FF	0.098	0.523	0.442	0.922**	−0.491	−0.881**	−0.282	−0.617	−0.573	−0.379	1
TSS	−0.056	−0.48	0.038	−0.833**	0.806**	0.938**	0.646	0.758*	0.806**	0.728*	−0.847**	1
TA	0.376	−0.16	0.722*	0.463	−0.263	−0.432	−0.173	−0.595	−0.344	−0.23	0.653	−0.411	1

Figure 1. Grouping of pear genotypes based on measured characteristics by Ward method