Morphological and Pomological Characteristics of Sweet Cherry (Prunus Avium L.) Grown In-situ under South Mediterranean Climate in Morocco

Figures & data

Table 1. Origin and main tree and fruit traits of the studied genotypes

Genotype	Origin	Blooming time ^1	Vigor	Tree habit	Ripen period ^2	Fruit skin color ^3	Fruit flesh color	Firmness of flesh	Eating quality ^4
BI	Imouzer Kander	1	Weak	Upright	1	D	Red	Intermediate	7
BI1		1	High	Spreading	1	D	Dark	Soft	5
CI		1	Intermediate	Upright	1	B	Dark	Intermediate	9
CP		1	High	Upright	1	D	Dark	Intermediate	9
Matl		1	Intermediate	Upright	1	D	Dark	Firm	7
NI		1	Intermediate	Drooping	1	D	Dark	Soft	5
VI		1	Intermediate	Spreading	1	RY	Cream white	Firm	5
VI2		1	High	Upright	1	B	Dark	Firm	7
BL	Laanaceur	3	Intermediate	Upright	2	D	Dark	Intermediate	7
BL1		3	High	Drooping	3	D	Dark	Intermediate	9
BL2		3	Intermediate	Upright	2	D	Dark	Soft	9
BL3		3	Weak	Upright	3	D	Dark	Firm	7
BL4		3	High	Upright	3	D	Red	Intermediate	5
BL5		3	Intermediate	Drooping	3	D	Dark	Soft	7
BT1		3	Intermediate	Spreading	2	B	Dark	Intermediate	9
CL		3	Intermediate	Spreading	3	D	Dark	Firm	9
CL1		3	Intermediate	Upright	2	D	Dark	Soft	9
VI1		3	High	Upright	2	B	Dark	Firm	9
VL		3	Intermediate	Spreading	3	B	Dark	Firm	9
VL1		3	Intermediate	Upright	3	B	Dark	Firm	7
VL2		3	Intermediate	Upright	3	D	Dark	Intermediate	5
VL3		3	Intermediate	Drooping	3	RY	Cream white	Firm	5
VL4		3	Intermediate	Upright	2	RY	Cream white	Firm	7
VL5		3	Intermediate	Drooping	3	B	Dark	Firm	9
BT	Toufselt	2	High	Drooping	1	B	Dark	Intermediate	9
BT2		2	Intermediate	Spreading	1	B	Dark	Soft	9
BT3		3	Intermediate	Upright	1	D	Dark	Intermediate	9
BT4		2	High	Upright	2	D	Dark	Intermediate	7
BT5		2	Intermediate	Upright	2	RY	Cream white	Intermediate	5
BT6		2	High	Upright	2	D	Dark	Intermediate	7
BT7		3	Intermediate	Upright	2	B	Dark	Soft	9
BT8		2	Intermediate	Upright	2	RY	Cream white	Intermediate	5
BT9		2	Intermediate	Spreading	1	D	Dark	Soft	7
CPT		2	Intermediate	Upright	1	D	Dark	Firm	7
NT		3	High	Upright	1	B	Dark	Firm	7
NT1		3	Intermediate	Upright	1	D	Dark	Firm	9
NT2		3	Weak	Drooping	1	RY	Cream white	Firm	7
NT3		2	High	Drooping	1	D	Dark	Firm	9
NT4		1	Intermediate	Upright	2	D	Dark	Firm	9
VT		3	High	Upright	2	B	Dark	Firm	9
VT1		3	Intermediate	Upright	2	D	Red	Firm	7
VT2		2	High	Spreading	2	B	Dark	Firm	7
VT3		1	Intermediate	Upright	2	D	Dark	Firm	7
VT4		3	Intermediate	Spreading	1	D	Dark	Firm	9
VT5		2	Weak	Upright	3	D	Dark	Firm	7
VT6		3	Intermediate	Upright	1	RY	Cream white	Firm	5
VT7		3	Weak	Upright	1	D	Dark	Firm	7

¹Blooming time: 1 = Second decade of March; 2 = End of March; 3 = First decade of April.

²Ripen period: 1 = Second decade of Mai; 2 = First decade of June, 3 = End of June.

³B = black; D = dark red; RY = red on yellow ground.

⁴Eating quality: 5 = poor; 7 = Good; 9 = extremely good.

Figure 1. Geographical location of sweet cherry genotype collected and assayed

Table 2. Abbreviation of morphological characteristics of evaluated sweet cherry genotypes

Characteristics	Abbreviations
Fruit traits:
Weight (g)	FW
Length (mm)	FL
Width (mm)	FWD
Thickness (mm)	FT
Stalk weight (g)	FSW
Stalk Length (mm)	FSL
Flesh width (mm)	FlWD
Flesh weight (g) (FW-SW)	FlW
Firmness	F
Geometric diameter (mm) ((FL*FWD*FT)^0.333) *	FGD
Sphericity (mm2) (FGD/FL) *	Øf
Volume (cm3) $(\frac{4}{3}\pi$r^3 with r = $\frac{\left[\mathrm{F}\mathrm{L}+\mathrm{F}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{D}+\mathrm{F}\mathrm{T}\right]}{6})$ *	FV
Surface area (mm2) (ðFGD^2) *	FSA
Stone traits:
Weight (g)	SW
Length (mm)	SL
Width (mm)	SWD
Thickness (mm)	ST
Geometric diameter (mm) [(SL*SWD*ST)^0.33]^0.33.*	SGD
Sphericity (mm2) (Dgn/Ln) *	Øs
Volume (cm^3) $(\frac{4}{3}\pi$r^3 with r = $\frac{\left[\mathrm{S}\mathrm{L}+\mathrm{S}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{D}+\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}\right]}{6})$ *	SV
Surface area (mm2) (ðSGD^2) *	SSA
Leaf traits
Length	LL
Width	LW
Petiole length	PL

*(Pérez-Sánchez et al., 2010)

Table 3. Fruit weight and dimensions of the Moroccan sweet cherry genotypes

Genotypee	FW*	FL	FWDD	FT	FV	FGD	Øf	FSA	F	FSW	FSL	FlWD	FLW
VL4	6.07	20.31	21.94	18.44	4.33	20.18	0.99	12.79	6.26	0.07	32.82	7.64	5.77
BL2	4.77	18.00	19.81	16.02	3.02	17.88	0.99	10.03	4.88	0.06	24.98	6.56	4.53
BI1	6.41	20.74	22.23	18.22	4.44	20.33	0.98	12.98	5.39	0.07	25.04	7.48	6.12
VI2	5.22	19.00	20.78	18.23	3.79	19.31	1.02	11.71	7.13	0.09	34.87	6.92	4.90
BT1	6.46	20.72	22.84	18.27	4.58	20.52	0.99	13.23	6.11	0.08	28.80	7.80	6.13
BT9	6.80	21.20	23.14	21.49	5.53	21.93	1.03	15.10	5.43	0.08	27.11	8.66	6.50
NI	4.46	19.94	18.19	16.16	3.10	18.03	0.90	10.21	5.08	0.08	40.56	5.63	4.16
BT2	6.43	20.17	22.29	18.10	4.30	20.11	1.00	12.70	5.05	0.07	26.54	7.77	6.15
CPT	7.13	22.24	22.93	20.38	5.46	21.82	0.98	14.95	6.99	0.08	43.13	8.12	6.80
VI	5.38	19.18	21.21	17.93	3.85	19.40	1.01	11.81	7.68	0.06	22.54	7.34	5.11
BI	6.52	21.15	22.41	18.27	4.58	20.54	0.97	13.24	5.61	0.08	25.92	7.82	6.20
BT5	6.66	20.74	22.75	18.53	4.62	20.60	0.99	13.32	5.97	0.08	26.11	8.49	6.33
BT8	6.87	21.16	23.12	18.55	4.81	20.86	0.99	13.66	5.56	0.07	25.32	8.21	6.41
BT4	7.09	21.65	23.30	18.60	4.97	21.09	0.97	13.97	6.00	0.09	28.27	7.84	6.75
BT6	7.19	21.03	23.07	18.30	4.71	20.71	0.98	13.46	5.89	0.07	26.87	8.20	6.84
BL5	6.74	20.54	22.63	18.79	4.61	20.59	1.00	13.32	5.40	0.07	27.42	8.08	6.46
VT4	7.10	21.98	23.14	20.07	5.37	21.69	0.99	14.78	6.43	0.08	33.92	8.13	6.81
CL	6.48	20.62	21.94	19.16	4.56	20.54	1.00	13.25	6.77	0.07	30.66	7.60	6.18
BT3	7.31	21.59	23.58	18.86	5.09	21.25	0.98	14.18	5.88	0.08	26.53	8.35	6.94
VT7	6.70	21.17	24.40	19.89	5.44	21.74	1.03	14.84	7.03	0.07	29.43	8.35	6.42
VT5	6.80	21.34	23.11	19.56	5.08	21.29	1.00	14.23	7.27	0.08	30.14	7.81	6.52
VL3	7.52	21.26	24.62	20.69	5.72	22.12	1.04	15.37	7.43	0.08	27.63	8.73	7.23
VL2	5.45	19.63	21.11	18.13	3.96	19.59	1.00	12.05	5.89	0.08	33.21	7.42	5.21
VT1	6.85	21.35	23.83	19.95	5.35	21.65	1.01	14.72	7.26	0.07	29.20	8.57	6.56
VT	6.63	21.11	23.17	19.75	5.09	21.29	1.01	14.24	6.95	0.08	34.37	8.06	6.35
VT2	7.51	22.00	24.40	21.04	5.95	22.44	1.02	15.81	7.02	0.08	37.24	8.40	7.17
VL	5.89	20.77	21.50	18.43	4.33	20.19	0.97	12.80	6.79	0.07	32.57	7.28	5.60
BT7	4.96	19.04	20.12	16.43	3.33	18.46	0.97	10.70	4.53	0.07	29.90	6.62	4.70
VL1	6.25	22.14	22.94	19.24	5.16	21.38	0.97	14.35	7.51	0.07	29.84	7.62	5.97
CI	4.92	16.21	20.17	17.47	3.03	17.87	1.10	10.03	5.36	0.11	40.56	5.86	4.52
VL5	6.60	21.01	22.69	18.80	4.73	20.77	0.99	13.55	6.82	0.07	30.48	7.99	6.33
BT	6.71	20.84	23.22	18.77	4.81	20.87	1.00	13.67	6.15	0.07	26.34	8.01	6.37
VI1	6.73	21.07	23.18	19.38	5.00	21.16	1.00	14.05	7.90	0.08	28.77	8.09	6.43
NT	6.25	21.97	21.74	18.68	4.71	20.74	0.94	13.51	6.93	0.07	30.21	7.48	5.96
CP	6.25	20.59	21.82	18.44	4.37	20.23	0.98	12.86	5.75	0.08	35.61	7.55	5.98
BL1	6.64	20.46	22.90	18.61	4.61	20.58	1.01	13.30	5.81	0.06	28.73	7.63	6.32
BL3	6.51	21.03	23.23	18.50	4.79	20.83	0.99	13.62	6.20	0.16	27.78	8.00	6.21
NT2	6.25	21.96	21.74	18.45	4.65	20.65	0.94	13.39	6.91	0.08	33.97	7.24	5.96
VT6	6.85	20.72	23.41	19.35	4.96	21.09	1.02	13.97	7.28	0.08	25.94	8.55	6.55
BL	5.96	20.01	21.88	17.85	4.13	19.85	0.99	12.37	5.86	0.07	28.28	7.58	5.68
NT4	6.09	22.11	21.71	18.57	4.71	20.73	0.94	13.50	6.60	0.07	32.12	7.17	5.78
VT3	6.87	21.52	22.64	22.84	5.83	22.33	1.04	15.65	6.93	0.09	40.66	7.63	6.52
BL4	6.63	20.82	22.42	19.54	4.80	20.90	1.00	13.71	5.90	0.11	26.99	7.80	6.34
NT3	6.52	21.81	22.29	18.78	4.82	20.90	0.96	13.72	6.76	0.07	34.72	7.56	6.24
NT1	5.96	21.31	21.58	18.38	4.46	20.37	0.96	13.03	7.00	0.06	35.74	7.36	5.67
CL1	3.60	17.20	17.75	15.30	2.46	16.72	0.97	8.77	4.20	0.07	46.43	5.11	3.38
Matl	4.69	18.36	19.05	16.55	3.04	17.95	0.98	10.12	6.34	0.06	37.47	6.67	4.39

* Abbreviations are defined in Table 1.

Table 4. Stone and leaf characteristics of the Moroccan sweet cherry genotypes

Genotype	SW*	SL	SWD	ST	SGD	Øs	NSA	NV	LL	LW	PL
VL4	0.31	11.49	8.68	6.79	8.78	0.76	2.42	0.38	107	55.54	34.07
BL2	0.24	10.88	8.34	6.51	8.39	0.77	2.21	0.33	102.8	50.60	29.51
BI1	0.29	11.71	9.02	6.98	9.04	0.77	2.56	0.41	88.14	46.17	34.05
VI2	0.32	10.61	9.07	7.10	8.81	0.83	2.44	0.37	101	47.92	37.36
BT1	0.33	11.07	9.18	6.95	8.90	0.80	2.49	0.39	96.05	51.78	34.91
BT9	0.30	11.49	8.81	6.76	8.81	0.77	2.44	0.38	93.55	50.80	34.02
NI	0.31	12.78	8.73	6.67	9.06	0.71	2.58	0.43	99.32	42.97	36.48
BT2	0.28	11.17	8.63	6.50	8.56	0.77	2.30	0.35	93.69	50.54	30.32
CPT	0.33	11.51	8.97	7.02	8.98	0.78	2.53	0.40	102.2	44.21	35.69
VI	0.27	9.51	8.41	6.74	8.14	0.86	2.08	0.29	107.8	49.69	31.62
BI	0.33	12.19	9.13	6.99	9.20	0.75	2.66	0.44	104.1	45.78	32.49
BT5	0.33	11.64	9.09	6.90	9.00	0.77	2.55	0.41	96.54	47.42	30.62
BT8	0.46	11.69	8.75	6.62	8.78	0.75	2.42	0.38	90.64	46.54	30.89
BT4	0.34	12.23	9.20	7.07	9.26	0.76	2.70	0.45	102.8	57.52	36.52
BT6	0.35	12.69	9.77	7.71	9.85	0.78	3.05	0.53	97.41	50.00	33.83
BL5	0.28	11.07	8.70	6.75	8.66	0.78	2.36	0.36	94.37	49.28	32.55
VT4	0.29	10.85	8.49	6.68	8.50	0.78	2.27	0.34	109.7	49.90	33.23
CL	0.30	10.86	8.38	6.63	8.45	0.78	2.24	0.34	102.1	50.10	30.38
BT3	0.37	12.03	9.07	7.10	9.18	0.76	2.65	0.43	99.89	52.52	35.48
VT7	0.28	10.26	8.68	6.73	8.43	0.82	2.23	0.33	98.62	52.48	27.98
VT5	0.29	10.22	8.91	6.87	8.55	0.84	2.29	0.34	110.1	54.72	31.68
VL3	0.29	9.77	9.00	7.45	8.68	0.89	2.37	0.35	105.1	46.68	35.19
VL2	0.24	10.38	7.98	6.35	8.07	0.78	2.05	0.29	98.57	48.39	31.38
VT1	0.28	9.84	9.03	7.09	8.57	0.87	2.31	0.34	101.9	50.10	31.03
VT	0.28	10.31	8.65	6.78	8.45	0.82	2.24	0.33	99.73	53.86	33.44
VT2	0.33	10.83	9.03	7.19	8.90	0.82	2.48	0.38	102.8	59.15	34.29
VL	0.29	10.99	8.42	6.68	8.52	0.78	2.28	0.34	105.6	48.27	32.95
BT7	0.26	10.60	8.18	6.36	8.20	0.77	2.11	0.31	84.45	47.12	29.46
VL1	0.29	10.05	8.67	7.00	8.48	0.84	2.26	0.33	100.6	51.91	30.11
CI	0.40	9.73	9.81	8.18	9.21	0.95	2.66	0.41	122.4	58.74	39.14
VL5	0.27	10.72	8.44	6.80	8.50	0.79	2.27	0.34	99.04	50.16	29.09
BT	0.34	11.71	9.26	7.20	9.21	0.79	2.66	0.43	105.1	57.67	35.27
VI1	0.30	10.25	8.96	7.08	8.66	0.85	2.36	0.35	96.42	46.80	28.65
NT	0.29	12.20	8.23	6.46	8.66	0.71	2.35	0.38	99.98	48.27	30.34
CP	0.28	10.52	7.93	6.32	8.08	0.77	2.05	0.29	96.28	46.45	31.30
BL1	0.32	11.48	9.00	7.12	9.03	0.79	2.56	0.41	96.87	51.84	33.32
BL3	0.30	11.93	8.82	6.85	8.97	0.75	2.52	0.41	99.56	56.61	34.52
NT2	0.29	12.10	8.32	6.64	8.74	0.72	2.40	0.38	97.90	47.76	32.07
VT6	0.30	9.64	8.89	7.01	8.44	0.88	2.24	0.32	99.87	52.82	31.79
BL	0.28	11.12	8.80	6.82	8.74	0.79	2.40	0.37	96.10	50.40	30.20
NT4	0.31	12.30	8.35	6.69	8.82	0.72	2.44	0.40	96.18	46.39	30.15
VT3	0.35	11.63	8.71	7.00	8.92	0.77	2.50	0.40	101.3	53.06	34.61
BL4	0.29	11.50	8.78	6.73	8.79	0.76	2.43	0.38	100.3	47.48	31.02
NT3	0.28	12.24	8.30	6.46	8.69	0.71	2.37	0.38	98.58	47.23	28.91
NT1	0.29	11.78	8.46	6.64	8.71	0.74	2.38	0.38	105.38	51.40	32.04
CL1	0.22	9.90	8.18	6.69	8.15	0.82	2.09	0.29	86.75	37.39	34.02
Matl	0.30	10.96	8.48	6.71	8.54	0.78	2.29	0.35	99.22	53.43	32.49

* Abbreviations are defined in Table 1.

Table 5. Correlation matrix among characteristics studied in sweet cherry genotypes

Variable*	FW	FL	FDW	FT	FV	FGD	Øf	FSA	F	FSW	FSL	FlWD	FlW	SW	SL	SWD	ST	SGD	Øs	SSA	SV
FL	0.81	1.00
FDW	0.95	0.73	1.00
FT	0.80	0.68	0.79	1.00
FV	0.93	0.86	0.92	0.92	1.00
FGD	0.94	0.88	0.93	0.91	1.00	1.00
Øf	0.21	−0.30	0.34	0.42	0.21	0.19	1.00
F	0.44	0.51	0.50	0.58	0.58	0.59	0.15	0.58	1.00
FSW	0.13	0.01	0.15	0.18	0.13	0.13	0.24	0.13	−0.02	1.00
FSL	−0.40	−0.21	−0.47	−0.06	−0.23	−0.27	−0.07	−0.25	−0.03	0.07	1.00
FlWD	0.92	0.71	0.94	0.75	0.87	0.88	0.27	0.88	0.46	0.06	−0.55	1.00
FlW	0.99	0.81	0.96	0.80	0.94	0.94	0.20	0.94	0.45	0.12	−0.40	0.93	1.00
SW	0.36	0.16	0.29	0.23	0.25	0.25	0.21	0.25	0.01	0.21	−0.06	0.22	0.32	1.00
SL	0.18	0.40	−0.01	−0.05	0.09	0.11	−0.59	0.10	−0.27	0.08	−0.05	0.02	0.17	0.35	1.00
SWD	0.38	0.01	0.38	0.21	0.24	0.23	0.42	0.23	0.03	0.28	−0.19	0.28	0.35	0.63	0.11	1.00
ST	0.26	−0.11	0.28	0.22	0.17	0.15	0.54	0.16	0.15	0.26	0.01	0.14	0.24	0.53	−0.11	0.89	1.00
SGD	0.37	0.22	0.26	0.14	0.22	0.23	−0.01	0.22	−0.11	0.26	−0.11	0.19	0.35	0.67	0.65	0.81	0.66	1.00
Øs	0.00	−0.37	0.17	0.15	0.02	0.00	0.76	0.01	0.30	0.07	0.00	0.07	0.00	0.02	−0.85	0.41	0.61	−0.16	1.00
SSA	0.37	0.21	0.26	0.13	0.21	0.22	−0.01	0.21	−0.12	0.25	−0.11	0.18	0.34	0.67	0.65	0.81	0.67	1.00	−0.15	1.00
SV	0.34	0.27	0.21	0.09	0.19	0.20	−0.15	0.19	−0.15	0.23	−0.11	0.15	0.31	0.63	0.77	0.70	0.53	0.98	−0.32	0.98	1.00
LL	0.10	−0.06	0.12	0.21	0.11	0.11	0.38	0.11	0.41	0.21	0.14	0.02	0.09	0.22	−0.20	0.32	0.46	0.17	0.40	0.16	0.10
LW	0.33	0.07	0.41	0.31	0.29	0.29	0.47	0.29	0.24	0.26	−0.17	0.31	0.32	0.30	−0.07	0.40	0.39	0.26	0.27	0.25	0.20
PL	−0.03	−0.20	−0.09	0.04	−0.06	−0.09	0.23	−0.08	−0.16	0.39	0.35	−0.18	−0.05	0.44	0.13	0.56	0.60	0.53	0.20	0.53	0.46

* Abbreviations are defined in Table 1.

Table 6. Eigenvectors of the Three Principal Component Axes from PCA Analysis of the Moroccan sweet cherry Seedlings

Traits	PC1	PC2	PC3
Fruit weight (g)	0.31	−0.08	−0.05
Fruit length (mm)	0.25	−0.16	−0.23
Fruit width (mm)	0.30	−0.11	0.04
Fruit Thickness (mm)	0.27	−0.13	0.08
Fruit volume (cm^3)	0.30	−0.14	−0.02
Fruit Geometric diameter	0.30	−0.15	−0.03
Fruit Sphericity	0.10	0.04	0.42
Fruit surface (mm^2)	0.30	−0.15	−0.03
Firmness (N)	0.16	−0.17	0.15
Stalk weight (g)	0.07	0.14	0.08
Stalk length (mm)	−0.11	0.07	0.06
Flesh width (mm)	0.28	−0.15	−0.01
Flesh weight (mm)	0.31	−0.09	−0.05
Stone weight (mm)	0.15	0.26	−0.02
Stone length (mm)	0.06	0.17	−0.44
Stone width (mm)	0.17	0.32	0.13
Stone thickness (mm)	0.14	0.30	0.24
Stone geometric diameter	0.17	0.35	−0.15
Stone Sphericity	0.03	0.02	0.48
Stone surface (mm^2)	0.16	0.36	−0.15
Stone volume (cm^3)	0.15	0.34	−0.22
Leaf length (mm)	0.08	0.12	0.27
Leaf width (mm)	0.14	0.10	0.20
Petiole length (mm)	0.04	0.33	0.11

Figure 2. Position of the principal component (PC) scores of physical fruit traits for Moroccan sweet cherry genotypes

Figure 3. Cluster analysis of 47 cultivated sweet cherry genotypes based on physical fruit traits

Pérez-Sánchez, R., M.A. Gómez-Sánchez, and Morales-Corts. 2010. Description and quality evaluation of sweet cherries cultured in Spain. J. Food Qual. 33:490–506.

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