Post-harvest Application of Methyl Jasmonate, 1-Methylcyclopropene and Salicylic Acid Elevates Health-promoting Compounds in Cold-stored ‘Kinnow’ Mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour x C. deliciosa Tenora) Fruit

Figures & data

Table 1. Influence of different concentrations of 1-MCP, MeJA and SA and cold storage periods on total phenol, total antioxidant activity and flavonoids content of ‘Kinnow’ fruits stored at 6 ± 1°C and 90 ± 5% RH

Total phenols (mg 100 ml^−1 juice)							Total antioxidant activity (%)						Flavonoids (mg quercetin 100 ml^−1 juice)
Storage time (Days)							Storage time (Days)						Storage time (Days)
Treatment (T)	0	30	45	60	75	Mean ± S.E. (T)	0	30	45	60	75	Mean± S.E. (T)	0	30	45	60	75	Mean± S.E. (T)
1-MCP (500 ppb)	129.98 ± 1.07	159.59 ± 18.97	97.52 ± 9.71	87.60 ± 7.90	35.99 ± 0.93	102.14 ^f ± 8.42	26.60 ± 1.05	23.30 ± 0.17	16.68 ± 0.46	11.41 ± 0.34	10.91 ± 0.14	17.78 ^g ± 1.18	57.95 ± 1.47	70.99 ± 0.41	66.44 ± 1.24	49.05 ± 1.07	35.19 ± 0.21	55.92 ^g ± 2.42
1-MCP (1000 ppb)	129.98 ± 1.07	183.12 ± 20.52	113.55 ± 10.93	107.73 ± 13.55	32.78 ± 0.34	113.44^e± 9.79	26.60 ± 1.05	22.56 ± 0.36	18.49 ± 1.38	12.53 ± 0.12	10.29 ± 1.10	18.10^fg± 1.17	57.95 ± 1.47	79.93 ± 3.34	63.82 ± 0.84	50.33 ± 0.07	38.53 ± 1.53	58.11 ^f ± 2.65
1-MCP (1500 ppb)	129.98 ± 1.07	222.47 ± 1.24	140.15 ± 10.78	115.03 ± 2.10	51.01 ± 0.43	131.73^a± 10.36	26.60 ± 1.05	25.06 ± 0.64	22.38 ± 1.06	20.14 ± 0.82	11.57 ± 0.65	21.15^ab± 1.03	57.95 ± 1.47	83.30 ± 1.13	78.88 ± 2.30	71.00 ± 2.57	41.18 ± 0.63	66.46^b± 2.92
MeJA (1 mM)	129.98 ± 1.07	197.60 ± 0.46	144.82 ± 6.75	124.23 ± 6.75	68.04 ± 0.29	132.94^a± 7.87	26.60 ± 1.05	25.05 ± 1.01	23.80 ± 1.11	22.01 ± 0.72	12.98 ± 0.36	22.09^a± 0.94	57.95 ± 1.47	89.42 ± 0.95	86.09 ± 1.53	83.68 ± 1.74	31.88 ± 0.93	69.81^a± 4.13
MeJA (2 mM)	129.98 ± 1.07	184.44 ± 4.68	126.28 ± 17.46	107.54 ± 13.66	57.85 ± 4.10	121.22 ^c ± 8.29	26.60 ± 1.05	22.43 ± 0.74	18.67 ± 0.30	16.36 ± 0.19	9.70 ± 0.64	18.75^e± 1.09	57.95 ± 1.47	79.24 ± 0.34	70.50 ± 1.82	59.75 ± 4.83	30.68 ± 1.27	59.63^e± 3.17
MeJA (3 mM)	129.98 ± 1.07	182.29 ± 0.77	125.51 ± 28.61	84.04 ± 8.43	36.64 ± 3.44	111.69^e± 10.06	26.60 ± 1.05	23.71 ± 0.03	19.24 ± 0.49	11.19 ± 0.12	9.47 ± 0.48	18.04^fg± 1.27	57.95 ± 1.47	80.92 ± 1.05	65.38 ± 2.30	47.96 ± 0.56	37.11 ± 0.53	57.87 ^f ± 2.83
SA (1 mM)	129.98 ± 1.07	186.51 ± 12.00	150.32 ± 5.06	111.83 ± 2.10	51.87 ± 1.23	126.10^b± 8.54	26.60 ± 1.05	25.33 ± 1.12	21.54 ± 0.61	15.28 ± 0.24	9.49 ± 0.61	19.65^d± 1.23	57.95 ± 1.47	86.06 ± 1.50	71.22 ± 0.84	68.17 ± 1.52	34.64 ± 0.88	63.61^d± 3.21
SA (2 mM)	129.98 ± 1.07	205.24 ± 2.36	156.26 ± 4.43	106.14 ± 3.91	58.73 ± 4.75	131.27^a± 9.20	26.60 ± 1.05	25.72 ± 1.41	19.61 ± 0.62	18.44 ± 0.09	10.88 ± 0.18	20.25 ^c ± 1.10	57.95 ± 1.47	87.90 ± 0.75	70.92 ± 1.69	65.93 ± 2.35	43.32 ± 0.88	65.20 ^c ± 2.80
SA (3 mM)	129.98 ± 1.07	173.91 ± 11.15	157.86 ± 12.44	103.45 ± 8.49	28.86 ± 1.09	118.82^d±9.87	26.60 ± 1.05	23.11 ± 0.33	18.74 ± 0.04	12.73 ± 0.75	10.64 ± 0.11	18.37^ef± 1.14	57.95 ± 1.47	74.59 ± 0.13	70.40 ± 0.23	59.26 ± 3.11	32.57 ± 0.68	58.96^ef± 2.79
Control	129.98 ± 1.07	175.42 ± 8.87	100.80 ± 17.55	60.79 ± 5.71	26.87 ± 1.58	118.82^d± 10.10	26.60 ± 1.05	21.84 ± 0.28	16.94 ± 0.41	10.63 ± 0.37	7.73 ± 0.59	16.75 ^h ± 1.31	57.95 ± 1.47	80.42 ± 5.79	59.40 ± 4.04	38.84 ± 1.19	24.05 ± 1.50	52.13 ^h ± 3.74
Mean± S.E.(ST)	129.98^b± 0.54	187.06^a± 3.33	131.31^b± 4.23	100.84 ^c ± 2.96	44.87^d± 1.87		26.60^a± 0.26	23.81^b± 0.26	19.61 ^c ± 0.34	15.07^d± 0.51	10.37^e± 0.22		57.95^d± 0.40	81.28^a± 0.93	70.31^b± 1.08	59.40 ^c ± 1.74	34.92^e± 0.74
LSD (P ≤ 0.05)	Treatment (T) = 2.29 Days (ST) = 1.62 SIST × T = 5.12						Treatment (T) = 0.40 Days (ST) = 0.28 ST × T = 0.89						Treatment (T) = 1.21 Days (ST) = 0.86 ST × T = 2.72

Each value represents a pooled mean of two years data (2017 and 2018)

Table 2. Influence of different concentrations of 1-MCP, MeJA and SA and cold-storage periods on protein and total free amino acids content of ‘Kinnow’ fruits stored at 6 ± 1°C and 90 ± 5% RH

	Protein (mg 100 ml^−1 juice)						Total free amino acids (mg 100 ml^−1 juice)
	Storage time (Days)						Storage time (Days)
Treatment (T)	0	30	45	60	75	Mean ± S.E. (T)	0	30	45	60	75	Mean ± S.E. (T)
1-MCP (500 ppb)	136.09 ± 2.63	138.41 ± 1.62	141.86 ± 1.24	130.60 ± 1.11	90.80 ± 0.92	127.55^e± 3.60	83.89 ± 1.41	35.35 ± 0.53	24.15 ± 0.60	54.33 ± 1.08	91.31 ± 3.14	57.81 ^g ± 4.92
1-MCP (1000 ppb)	136.09 ± 2.63	147.82 ± 0.24	144.63 ± 3.87	130.38 ± 3.58	102.44 ± 5.19	132.28 ^cd± 3.30	83.89 ± 1.41	50.09 ± 0.14	33.42 ± 7.53	58.90 ± 4.44	81.07 ± 7.02	61.48 ^f ± 3.91
1-MCP (1500 ppb)	136.09 ± 2.63	144.03 ± 5.53	162.95 ± 3.20	131.64 ± 0.27	102.84 ± 3.11	135.51^a± 3.87	83.89 ± 1.41	71.30 ± 0.47	51.98 ± 0.21	74.54 ± 1.16	128.04 ± 1.43	81.95^a± 4.73
MeJA (1 mM)	136.09 ± 2.63	144.67 ± 1.55	161.62 ± 0.78	131.37 ± 2.91	105.19 ± 4.15	135.79^a± 3.62	83.89 ± 1.41	68.17 ± 0.47	60.52 ± 0.63	70.90 ± 0.19	132.89 ± 2.31	83.28^a± 4.86
MeJA (2 mM)	136.09 ± 2.63	144.60 ± 3.44	160.41 ± 1.15	130.79 ± 3.60	97.81 ± 1.97	133.94^abc± 4.01	83.89 ± 1.41	60.76 ± 1.17	47.16 ± 0.96	64.44 ± 0.45	100.81 ± 0.87	71.41^d± 3.53
MeJA (3 mM)	136.09 ± 2.63	141.01 ± 1.93	143.94 ± 2.00	125.36 ± 1.13	104.35 ± 1.16	130.15^de± 2.84	83.89 ± 1.41	40.26 ± 0.53	32.49 ± 0.75	50.55 ± 1.03	98.20 ± 4.36	61.08 ^f ± 4.81
SA (1 mM)	136.09 ± 2.63	143.44 ± 1.70	158.99 ± 2.49	131.48 ± 0.54	100.04 ± 1.37	134.01^abc± 3.74	83.89 ± 1.41	51.86 ± 0.26	48.44 ± 0.41	71.69 ± 0.33	122.12 ± 1.23	75.60 ^c ± 4.98
SA (2 mM)	136.09 ± 2.63	148.17 ± 2.88	154.69 ± 2.00	129.49 ± 0.57	106.89 ± 1.38	135.07^ab± 3.26	83.89 ± 1.41	61.82 ± 0.89	57.13 ± 0.41	66.14 ± 0.33	129.55 ± 1.67	79.71^b± 4.96
SA (3 mM)	136.09 ± 2.63	148.19 ± 4.67	147.30 ± 6.42	132.68 ± 1.07	99.33 ± 5.45	132.72^bcd± 3.69	83.89 ± 1.41	52.48 ± 0.09	32.48 ± 8.73	58.65 ± 2.69	103.14 ± 3.82	66.13^e± 4.83
Control	136.09 ± 2.63	137.65 ± 1.79	128.74 ± 3.09	104.27 ± 8.04	79.48 ± 0.72	117.25 ^f ± 4.41	83.89 ± 1.41	43.36 ± 0.72	27.14 ± 0.66	61.16 ± 0.67	50.53 ± 0.89	53.22 ^h ± 3.54
Mean ± S.E. (ST)	136.09 ^c ± 0.81	143.80^b± 1.01	150.52^a± 1.65	127.81^d±1.38	98.92^e± 1.29		83.89^b± 0.47	53.55^d± 1.49	41.49^e± 1.82	63.13 ^c ± 1.08	103.77^a± 3.30
LSD (P ≤ 0.05)	Treatment (T) = 2.62 Days (ST) = 1.85 ST × T = 5.86						Treatment (T) = 1.46 Days (ST) = 1.03 ST × T = 3.27

Each value represents a pooled mean of two years data (2017 and 2018)

Table 3. Influence of different concentrations of 1-MCP, MeJA and SA and cold-storage periods on total and reducing sugars content of ‘Kinnow’ fruits stored at 6 ± 1°C and 90 ± 5% RH

	Total sugars (%)						Reducing sugars (%)
	Storage time (Days)						Storage time (Days)
Treatment (T)	0	30	45	60	75	Mean ± S.E. (T)	0	30	45	60	75	Mean ± S.E. (T)
1-MCP (500 ppb)	5.15 ± 0.29	5.39 ± 0.35	6.14 ± 0.46	8.50 ± 0.05	7.43 ± 0.31	6.52^d± 0.26	2.39 ± 0.42	2.59 ± 0.33	2.85 ± 0.24	4.21 ± 0.15	3.88 ± 0.13	3.18 ^f ± 0.16
1-MCP (1000 ppb)	5.15 ± 0.29	5.98 ± 0.18	6.89 ± 0.18	7.70 ± 0.43	7.35 ± 0.32	6.61^d± 0.20	2.39 ± 0.42	2.59 ± 0.35	2.83 ± 0.32	4.54 ± 0.19	4.06 ± 0.19	3.29^de± 0.19
1-MCP (1500 ppb)	5.15 ± 0.29	7.35 ± 0.13	7.60 ± 0.11	9.35 ± 0.29	8.11 ± 0.15	7.51^a± 0.27	2.39 ± 0.42	3.07 ± 0.27	3.33 ± 0.20	4.73 ± 0.00	3.97 ± 0.09	3.50^b± 0.17
MeJA (1 mM)	5.15 ± 0.29	6.63 ± 0.08	8.21 ± 0.20	9.30 ± 0.33	8.93 ± 0.16	7.65^a± 0.30	2.39 ± 0.42	3.02 ± 0.36	3.44 ± 0.44	5.29 ± 0.26	4.22 ± 0.16	3.68^a± 0.22
MeJA (2 mM)	5.15 ± 0.29	5.45 ± 0.29	6.04 ± 0.53	9.31 ± 0.12	8.38 ± 0.14	6.87 ^c ± 0.33	2.39 ± 0.42	2.84 ± 0.25	3.01 ± 0.34	4.58 ± 0.20	4.01 ± 0.07	3.37 ^c ± 0.18
MeJA (3 mM)	5.15 ± 0.29	5.90 ± 0.42	6.81 ± 0.33	7.87 ± 0.13	7.27 ± 0.27	6.60^d± 0.21	2.39 ± 0.42	2.62 ± 0.44	3.13 ± 0.22	4.82 ± 0.40	3.21 ± 0.01	3.23^ef± 0.19
SA (1 mM)	5.15 ± 0.29	7.13 ± 0.08	7.26 ± 0.07	8.05 ± 0.27	7.87 ± 0.28	7.09^b± 0.21	2.39 ± 0.42	2.49 ± 0.45	3.02 ± 0.20	4.84 ± 0.27	4.22 ± 0.02	3.39 ^c ± 0.21
SA (2 mM)	5.15 ± 0.29	6.06 ± 0.35	7.23 ± 0.07	9.41 ± 0.31	8.05 ± 0.22	7.18^b± 0.29	2.39 ± 0.42	3.01 ± 0.37	3.29 ± 0.22	4.79 ± 0.11	3.93 ± 0.08	3.48^b± 0.18
SA (3 mM)	5.15 ± 0.29	5.84 ± 0.04	6.77 ± 0.16	8.94 ± 0.20	7.20 ± 0.34	6.78 ^c ± 0.25	2.39 ± 0.42	2.56 ± 0.44	3.23 ± 0.48	4.58 ± 0.24	3.84 ± 0.35	3.32 ^cd± 0.20
Control	5.15 ± 0.29	6.33 ± 0.48	6.60 ± 0.40	7.42 ± 0.19	7.05 ± 0.09	6.51^d± 0.18	2.39 ± 0.42	2.77 ± 0.28	3.31 ± 0.27	4.08 ± 0.01	2.55 ± 0.09	3.02 ^g ± 0.14
Mean ± S.E. (ST)	5.15^e± 0.06	6.21^d± 0.10	6.96 ^c ± 0.11	8.59^a± 0.11	7.77^b± 0.09		2.39^d± 0.09	2.76 ^cd± 0.08	3.15 ^c ± 0.07	4.65^a± 0.06	3.79^b± 0.07
LSD (P ≤ 0.05)	Treatment (T) = 0.13 Days (ST) = 0.095 ST × T = 0.30						Treatment (T) = 0.075 Days (ST) = 0.053 ST × T = 0.168

Each value represents a pooled mean of two years data (2017 and 2018)