Exploitation of Plum Genetic Diversity to Identify Soil-Borne Fungi Resistance Rootstocks

Figures & data

Table 1. Kruskal Wallis Test between different plum genotypes evaluated for qualitative traits

Trait	df	Chi-Square	Trait	df	Chi-Square
Stem color	4	26.29**	Angle of Leaf blade apex	4	13.08*
Length of internodes	4	6.16^ns	Intensity of green color of Leaf blade upper side	4	29.21**
Branching	4	19.14**	Glossiness of Leaf blade upper side	4	22.44**
Tree vigor	4	11.05*	Leaf blade’s incisions of margin	4	39.6*
Tree habit	4	16.84**	Depth of incisions of margin	4	32.68**
Length of Leaf blade	4	23.41**	Length of Petiole	4	10.09*
Width of Leaf blade	4	16.74**	Depth of petiole suture	4	21.42**
Ratio of Leaf blade length/width	4	2.77^ns	Presence of Leaf necrosis	4	9.78*
Shape of Leaf blade	4	7.48^ns	Length of necrosis	4	32.42**
shape of Leaf blade base	4	6.16^ns	Petiole Color	4	37.1**
ns,* and **: Not significant, significant at 5% and 1% levels of probability, respectively

Table 2. Qualitative traits evaluated in some plum genotypes

Trait	Genotype
	Ahmad-beigloo 1	Anar-1	4835	4813	G14
Stem color	Green-red	Green	Green	Green-red	Green-red
Branching	Medium	Medium	Weak	Medium	Medium
Tree vigor	Medium	Medium	Medium	strong	strong
Tree habit	spreading	upright	upright	upright	upright
Length of Leaf blade	long	medium	Very long	short	long
Width of Leaf blade	Medium	broad	broad	narrow	broad
Angle of Leaf blade apex	Medium	long	long	short	long
Intensity of green color of Leaf blade upper side	dark	light	light	dark	light
Glossiness of Leaf blade upper side	medium	weak	weak	medium	weak
Leaf blade’s incisions of margin	Crenate- serrate	serrate	Crenate- serrate	serrate	crenate
Depth of incisions of margin	deep	deep	deep	shallow	deep
Length of Petiole	medium	medium	long	medium	long
Depth of petiole suture	deep	shallow	shallow	medium	medium
Presence of Leaf necrosis	present	present	absent	present	present
Length of necrosis	short	medium	short	short	short
Petiole Color	red	green	green	red	Green-red

Table 3. Variance analysis of evaluated quantitative traits in some plum genotypes

S.O.V	df	Mean of squares
		Seed weight	Seed length	Seed lateral width	Seed ventral width	Seed volume	Seed germination percentage
Genotype	4	0.058**	35.2**	9.9**	2.76**	523148**	1.83**
Error	20	0.003	1.2	0.29	0.39	30992.3	0.279
CV (%)		13.25	7.7	5.18	2.76	18.1	7.21

Table 4. Mean comparison of seed traits in some plum genotypes

Genotype	Seed weight (gr)	Seed length (mm)	Seed lateral width (mm)	Seed ventral width (mm)	Seed volume (mm^3)	Seed germination percentage (%)
G14	0.554a	18.46a	11.66a	6.272bc	1361.5a	49.74bc
4835	0.464b	15.165b	12.02a	6.916ab	1271.3a	61.04ab
Ahmad-beigloo 1	0.356 c	13.754bc	9.792b	6.122bc	824.6b	37.50 c
Anar-1	0.346 c	11.494d	9.954bc	7.336a	788.3b	58.17ab
4813	0.284 c	12.9 cd	8.898 c	5.414 c	623.1b	62.25a

Table 5. Variance analysis of stem length, root length, necrosis length and percentage of necrosis in some plum genotypes treated with Phytophthora cactorum, Verticillium dahlia and Rosellinia necatrix.

S.O.V.	df	Mean square
		Phytophthora cactorum			Verticillium dahliae			Rosellinia necatrix
		Necrosis length	Necrosis percentage (%)		Necrosis length	Necrosis percentage (%)		Stem length (cm)	Root length (cm)	Necrosis length (cm)	Necrosis percentage (%)
Genotype	4	0.006^ns	0.221^ns		0.092^ns	0.098^ns		548.23**	3.03**	0.88**	13.49**
Error	20	0.005	0.302		0.074	0.063		15.47	0.41	0.11	0.91
CV (%)		22.4	26.31		19.67	28.1		25.24	16.76	20.44	21.51

Table 6. Mean comparison of stem height, root length, necrosis length and necrosis percentage in some plum genotypes under Resollinia fungi treatment

Genotype	Stem length (cm)	Root length (cm)	Necrosis length (cm)	Necrosis percentage (%)
Anar-1	10.34b	10.81b	3.6a	34.22a
4835	11.76b	11.43b	3.11ab	27.58ab
G14	12.61b	13.26b	2.77b	22.49bc
4813	29.42a	20.64a	3.05ab	15.83 cd
Ahmad-beigloo 1	14.44b	20.58a	1.4 c	8.87d

Figure 1. Effect of Roselinia fungus treatment on plum genotypes

Figure 2. Cluster analysis of plum genotypes based on morphological traits and disease resistance by UPGMA method and Euclidean distance

Table 7. Correlation between morphological traits in some plum genotypes, according Spearman test

	trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
1	Stem color	1
2	Branching	−0.03 ns	1
3	Tree vigor	0.06 ns	0.3 *	1
4	Tree habit	0.2 ns	−0.4 *	0.2 ns	1
5	Length of Leaf blade	0.03 ns	0.02 ns	0.2 ns	−0.1 ns	1
6	Width of Leaf blade	0.07 ns	0.4 *	0.4 *	0.2 ns	0.4 *	1
7	Ratio length of leaf blade/petiole	0.3 ns	0.04 ns	0.04 ns	0.2 ns	0.2 ns	−0.1 ns	1
8	Angle of Leaf blade apex	0.07 ns	0.4 *	0.4 *	0.2 ns	0.4 **	0.8 **	0.1 ns	1
9	Intensity of green color of Leaf blade upper side	0.04 ns	0.2 ns	0.2 ns	0.5 **	−0.4 *	−0.4 **	0.04 ns	−0.4 **	1
10	Glossiness of Leaf blade upper side	0.02 ns	−0.3 ns	0.2 ns	0.5 **	−0.3 *	−0.4 **	0.1 ns	−0.4 **	0.7 **	1
11	Depth of incisions of margin	−0.1 ns	−0.3 ns	0.05 ns	0.1 ns	0.5 **	0.5 **	0.1 ns	0.5 **	−0.5 **	−0.4 **	1
12	Length of Petiole	0.3 ns	0.2 ns	0.07 ns	−0.1 ns	0.5 **	0.3 *	0.2 ns	0.2 ns	−0.3 ns	−0.2 ns	0.03 ns	1
13	Depth of petiole suture	0.03 ns	−0.4 **	0.3 *	0.03 ns	0.1 ns	0.1 ns	0.02 ns	0.1 ns	0.4 *	0.4 *	−0.3 *	0.1 ns	1
14	Length of necrosis	−0.06 ns	0.05 ns	0.03 ns	0.2 ns	0.1 ns	0.1 ns	0.1 ns	0.1 ns	0.2 ns	−0.3 ns	0.2 ns	0.2 ns	0.2 ns

Figure 3. Regression equation between root length with necrosis length (right) and stem height with necrosis percentage

Table 8. Correlation between seed traits with root, stem and necrosis traits in plum genotypes treated with Rosellinia necatrix.

	Trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1	Seed weight	1
2	Seed length	0.86 **	1
3	Seed lateral width	0.93 **	0.79 **	1
4	Seed ventral width	0.26 **	0.04 **	0.27 ns	1
5	Seed volume	0.94 **	0.86 **	0.94 **	0.41 *	1
6	Seed germination percentage	−0.21 ns	−0.25 ns	−0.08 ns	0.05 ns	−0.13 ns	1
7	Shoot height	−0.19 ns	−0.24 ns	−0.16 ns	0.25 ns	−0.24 ns	0.2 ns	1
8	Root length	−0.55 ns	−0.19 ns	−0.36 ns	−0.28 ns	−0.29 ns	−0.3 ns	0.35 *	1
9	Necrosis length	0.01 ns	−0.2 ns	0.02 ns	0.22 ns	0.05 ns	0.3 ns	0.02 ns	−0.34 *	1
10	Necrosis percentage	0.25 ns	−0.11 ns	0.25 ns	0.6 ns	0.29 ns	0.34 ns	−0.35 *	−0.72 **	0.77 **