Influence of Fertilizers and Plant Growth Regulators Application on Physicochemical Attributes of ‘Kinnow’ Mandarin Fruit

Figures & data

Table 1. Seed quality variables influenced by PGRs and nutrients

Treatments	Seed mass (g)	Total seed	Healthy seed (%)	Aborted seed (%)
Control	1.8	14 cd	94abcd	6bcde
P (250 g tree^−1)	2.0	14 cd	91cde	9abc
P (500 g tree^−1)	2.1	15 cd	90de	10ab
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1+ Ca (150 g tree^−1)	2.6	19a	90e	10a
Wokozim (granular) (1500 g tree^−1)	2.1	18abc	92abcde	8abcde
Wokozim (1500 g tree^−1) + 2 ml l^−1 foliar spray	2.1	13de	96a	4e
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	2.6	12de	93abcde	7abcde
Kinetin at 60 mg l^−1	3.0	20a	94abcd	6bcde
Kinetin 120 mg l^−1	2.2	13de	95abc	5cde
P (250 g tree^−1) + Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	1.8	15bcd	89e	11a
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg l^−1	2.6	10e	95a	5e
P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg l^−1	2.5	18ab	95ab	5de
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1+ Ca 150 g tree^−1+ Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	2.0	15 cd	91bcde	9abcd
Ca (150 g tree^−1)+ P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	2.5	19a	94abcd	6bcde
Ca (150 g tree^−1)	2.3	18ab	93abcde	7abcde
LSD (P ≤ 0.05)	NS	3.49	4.07	4.07
Significance of selected contrasts on D-1	Seed mass (g)	Total seed	Healthy seed (%)	Aborted seed (%)
Control vs P	NS	NS	0.04*	0.04*
Control vs Kinetin	0.007*	NS	NS	NS
Control vs Wokozim	NS	NS	NS	NS
P vs Kinetin	0.01*	NS	0.01*	0.01*
P vs Wokozim	NS	NS	0.01*	0.01*
Wokozim vs Kinetin	0.02*	NS	NS	NS

NS = Non significant; N = Nitrogen; P = Phosphorous; K = Potassium; Ca = Calcium; PGRs = Plant Growth Regulators

Similar letter in columns represents statistically similar results.

Table 2. Fruit physical quality variables influenced by PGRs and nutrients

Treatments	Fruit mass (g)	Fruit diameter (mm)	Rind thickness (mm)
Control	146.1	69.4	4.1
P (250 g tree^−1)	149.1	69.2	4.6
P (500 g tree^−1)	141.7	69.0	4.4
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1+ Ca (150 g tree^−1)	134.7	67.2	4.1
Wokozim (granular) (1500 g tree^−1)	131.9	66.1	4.1
Wokozim (1500 g tree^−1) + 2 ml l^−1 foliar spray	159.2	71.3	4.4
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	150.1	70.6	4.6
Kinetin at 60 mg l^−1	132.8	66.8	4.3
Kinetin 120 mg l^−1	154.1	70.9	4.7
P (250 g tree^−1) + Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	142.1	68.4	4.0
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg l^−1	144.1	69.5	4.2
P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg l^−1	156.8	71.3	4.5
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1)+Ca (150 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	149.7	70.2	4.4
Ca (150 g tree^−1)+ P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	159.0	70.6	5.1
Ca (150 g tree^−1)	141.2	67.7	4.6
LSD (P ≤ 0.05)	NS	NS	NS
Significance of selected contrasts on D-1	Fruit (g)	Fruit mass diameter (mm)	Rind thickness (mm)
Control vs P	NS	NS	NS
Control vs Kinetin	NS	NS	NS
Control vs Wokozim	NS	NS	NS
P vs Kinetin	NS	NS	NS
P vs Wokozim	NS	NS	NS
Wokozim vs Kinetin	NS	NS	NS

NS = Non significant; N = Nitrogen; P = Phosphorous; K = Potassium; Ca = Calcium; PGRs = Plant Growth Regulators

Similar letter in columns represents statistically similar results.

Table 3. Effect of PGRs and nutrients on rind mass (%) of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin

Treatments	Rind mass (%)
	* Day-1	** Day-7	Mean (Treatment)
Control	27	23	25
P (250 g tree^−1)	25	22	24
P (500 g tree^−1)	27	23	25
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1)+Ca (150 g tree^−1)	26	25	25
Wokozim (granular) (1500 g tree^−1)	27	26	26
Wokozim (1500 g tree^−1) + 2 ml l^−1 foliar spray	27	25	26
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	27	25	26
Kinetin at 60 mg l^−1	25	23	24
Kinetin 120 mg l^−1	28	24	26
P (250 g tree^−1) + Kinetin at 30 mg Ll^−1	26	24	25
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg l^−1	27	24	25
P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg Ll^−1	26	26	26
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1)+Ca (150 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	27	27	27
Ca (150 g tree^−1)+ P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	27	25	26
Ca (150 g tree^−1)	27	25	26
Treatments (LSD)	NS
Treat. × SD (LSD)	NS
Significance of selected contrasts on D-1	Rind mass (%)
Control vs P	NS
Control vs Kinetin	NS
Control vs Wokozim	NS
P vs Kinetin	NS
P vs Wokozim	NS
Wokozim vs Kinetin	NS

NS = Non significant; N = Nitrogen; P = Phosphorous; K = Potassium; Ca = Calcium; PGRs = Plant Growth Regulators

Similar letter in columns represents statistically similar results.

Table 4. Influence of PGRs and nutrients on rag mass (%) and juice mass (%) of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin

Treatments	Rag mass (%)			Juice mass (%)
	*Day-1	**Day-7	Mean	*Day-1	**Day-7	Mean
Control	24	26	25d	48	51	50ab
P (250 g tree^−1)	24	28	26 cd	50	50	50a
P (500 g tree^−1)	28	35	32a	45	42	44e
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1+ Ca (150 g tree^−1)	26	26	26bcd	47	49	48abcd
Wokozim (granular) (1500 g tree^−1)	28	30	29abc	45	44	44de
Wokozim (1500 g tree^−1) + 2 ml l^−1 foliar spray	29	30	30ab	44	45	44cde
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	26	28	27bcd	47	47	47abcde
Kinetin at 60 mg l^−1	25	28	27bcd	50	49	49abc
Kinetin 120 mg l^−1	29	28	29abcd	43	47	45bcde
P (250 g tree^−1) + Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	29	26	27bcd	46	50	48abcd
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg l^−1	28	25	27bcd	45	51	48abcd
P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg l^−1	25	26	26d	48	47	48abcd
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1)+Ca (150 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	26	26b	26 cd	47	47	47abcde
Ca (150 g tree^−1)+ P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg L^−1	26	26	26bcd	46	49	48abcde
Ca (150 g tree^−1)	27	27	26 cd	48	48	48abcd
Treatments (LSD)		2.76		3.81
Treat. × SD (LSD)		NS		NS
Significance of selected contrasts on D-1		Rag mass (%)		Juice mass (%)
Control vs P		NS		NS
Control vs Kinetin		NS		NS
Control vs Wokozim		0.03*		NS
P vs Kinetin		NS		NS
P vs Wokozim		NS		NS
Wokozim vs Kinetin		NS		NS

NS = Non significant; N = Nitrogen; P = Phosphorous; K = Potassium; Ca = Calcium; PGRs = Plant Growth Regulators

Similar letter in columns represents statistically similar results.

Table 5. Nutrients and PGRs effect on TSS (Brix) and acidity (%) of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin juice

Treatments	TSS (°Brix)			Titratable acidity (%)
	*Day-1	**Day-7	Mean	*Day-1	**Day-7	Mean
Control	9.1ef	9.8cdef	9.4de	0.62	0.50	0.56abcd
P (250 g tree^−1)	9.2def	9.7cdef	9.5de	0.60	0.45	0.53d
P (500 g tree^−1)	8.8 f	9.6cdef	9.2e	0.59	0.52	0.55abcd
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1+ Ca (150 g tree^−1)	9.7cdef	9.2def	9.5de	0.63	0.45	0.54bcd
Wokozim (granular) (1500 g tree^−1)	9.9 cde	9.7cdef	9.8cde	0.74	0.49	0.62abc
Wokozim (1500 g tree^−1) + 2 ml l^−1 foliar spray	10.2 cd	9.9 cde	10.1bcd	0.75	0.50	0.62ab
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	9.9cde	9.8cde	9.8cde	0.60	0.48	0.57abcd
Kinetin at 60 mg l^−1	9.8cdef	10.3bc	10.1bcd	0.72	0.56	0.64a
Kinetin 120 mg l^−1	9.7cdef	9.9cde	9.8cde	0.64	0.54	0.59abcd
P (250 g tree^−1) + Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	9.4cdef	9.9cd	9.7cde	0.72	0.54	0.63a
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg l^−1	9.1ef	11.2ab	10.2abcd	0.71	0.55	0.63a
P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg l^−1	9.4cdef	11.2ab	10.3abc	0.57	0.50	0.54 cd
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1)+(Ca 150 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	9.1ef	11.5a	10.3abc	0.60	0.49	0.52d
Ca (150 g tree^−1)+ P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	9.5cdef	11.80a	10.6ab	0.67	0.51	0.59abcd
Ca (150 g tree^−1)	10.0 cde	11.50a	10.8a	0.67	0.53	0.60abcd
Treatments (LSD)	0.61			0.07
Treat. × SD (LSD)	0.87			NS
Significance of selected contrasts on D-1	TSS			Titratable acidity (TA) (%)
Control vs P	NS			NS
Control vs Kinetin	NS			NS
Control vs Wokozim	0.04*			0.02*
P vs Kinetin	0.03*			NS
P vs Wokozim	0.01*			0.001*
Wokozim vs Kinetin	NS			NS

NS = Non significant; N = Nitrogen; P = Phosphorous; K = Potassium; Ca = Calcium; PGRs = Plant Growth Regulators

Similar letter in columns represents statistically similar results.

Table 6. Influence of PGRs and nutrients on TSS:TA and ascorbic acid (mg 100 ml⁻¹) of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin juice

Treatments	TSS:TA			Ascorbic acid (mg 100 ml^−1)
	*Day-1	**Day-7	Mean	*Day-1	**Day-7	Mean
Control	14.8	20.0	17.4bcdef	36.6fg	47.3cdefg	41.9cd
P (250 g tree^−1)	15.4	21.5	18.4abcd	36.6fg	58.1abcd	47.4abc
P (500 g tree^−1)	14.8	18.5	16.8cdef	45.2defg	58.1abcd	51.6abc
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1)+Ca (150 g tree^−1)	15.4	20.8	18.1abcde	43.0efg	60.2abc	51.6abc
Wokozim (granular) (1500 g tree^−1)	13.4	19.7	16.6def	36.6fg	47.3cdefg	42.0cd
Wokozim (1500 g tree^−1) + 2 ml l^−1 foliar spray	13.8	20.0	16.9cdef	34.3 g	40.9efg	37.6d
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	15.1	20.4	17.8abcdef	45.2defg	53.8abcde	49.5abc
Kinetin at 60 mg l^−1	13.6	18.5	16.1ef	40.9efg	58.1abcd	49.5abc
Kinetin 120 mg l^−1	15.1	18.2	16.7cdef	40.9efg	51.6bcde	46.2bcd
P (250 g tree^−1) + Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	13.1	18.5	15.8 f	47.3cdefg	62.4ab	54.8ab
Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg l^−1	13.2	20.9	17.0cdef	45.2defg	53.8abcde	49.5abc
P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1+ GA3 at 10 mg l^−1	16.7	22.3	19.5ab	49.5bcdef	58.1abcd	53.8ab
NPK (230 + 250 + 250 g tree^−1)+Ca (150 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	16.2	23.4	19.8a	51.6bcde	47.3cdefg	49.4abc
Ca (150 g tree^−1)+ P (250 g tree^−1)+Kinetin at 30 mg l^−1	14.4	23.4	18.9abc	66.7a	47.3cdefg	57.0a
Ca (150 g tree^−1)	15.0	22.0	18.5abcd	53.8abcde	43.0efg	48.4abc
Treatments (LSD)		1.95		8.56
Treat. × SD (LSD)		NS		12.11
Significance of selected contrasts on D-1		TSS:TA		Ascorbic acid (mg 100 ml^−1)
Control vs P		NS		NS
Control vs Kinetin		NS		NS
Control vs Wokozim		NS		NS
P vs Kinetin		NS		NS
P vs Wokozim		NS		NS
Wokozim vs Kinetin		NS		NS

NS = Non significant; N = Nitrogen; P = Phosphorous; K = Potassium; Ca = Calcium; PGRs = Plant Growth Regulators

Similar letter in columns represents statistically similar results.