Microelements Changes in Leaves and Fruits of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Under the Influence of Ameliorative Measures

Figures & data

Table 1. Influence of lime treatments on content of Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B in soil

Treatments	Al	Fe	Mn	Cu	Zn	B
	mg 100 g^−1	mg kg^−1
First year
Control (1 t ha^−1 NPK)	10.84 a	96 a	252 a	2.3 a	1.6 a	0.8 b
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	5.50 d	81 b	213 e	2.6 a	1.4 bc	0.7 c
CaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	0.00 f	77 bc	164 f	2.7 a	1.1 d	0.6 c
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	6.54 b	86 ab	246 b	2.4 a	1.6 a	0.7 c
MgCaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	5.90 cd	84 b	238 c	1.9 a	1.4 c	0.7 c
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	4.58 e	70 c	230 d	2.6 a	1.5 ab	1.4 a
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	6.20 bc	71 c	248 ab	2.5 a	1.5 a	1.3 a
Second year
Control (1 t ha^−1 NPK)	9.86 a	99 ab	232 bc	2.5 a	1.6 a	0.6 cd
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	6.30 c	89 ab	240 ab	2.7 a	1.5 ab	0.6 c
CaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	0.80 f	80 c	215 cd	2.9 a	1.0 c	0.5 d
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	5.97 c	92 ab	230 bc	2.6 a	1.5 ab	0.5 d
MgCaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	1.50 e	89 ab	204 d	2.0 a	1.1 c	0.5 d
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	8.19 b	110 a	256 a	2.4 a	1.4 b	1.4 a
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	5.05 d	106 a	252 a	2.4 a	1.4 b	1.1 b
Average for two years
Control (1 t ha^−1 NPK)	10.35 a	98.0 a	242.0 a	2.40 d	1.60 a	0.70 c
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	5.90 cd	85.0 b	226.5 b	2.65 b	1.45 b	0.65 cd
CaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	0.40 f	78.5 b	189.5 c	2.80 a	1.05 d	0.55 e
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	6.25 bc	89.0 ab	238.0 a	2.50 c	1.55 a	0.60 de
MgCaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	3.70 e	86.5 ab	221.0 b	1.95 e	1.25 c	0.60 de
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	6.38 b	90.0 ab	243.0 a	2.50 c	1.45 b	1.40 a
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	5.62 d	88.5 ab	250.0 a	2.45 c	1.45 b	1.20 b
ANOVA
Treatment	***	ns	***	***	***	***
Year	*	***	ns	ns	**	***
Interaction	***	*	***	ns	**	**

a-e: Means in a column followed by the same subscript letters are not significantly different according to the Duncan multiple range test (p < 0.05). * – significant at P ≤ 0.05, ** – significant at P ≤ 0.01, *** – significant at P ≤ 0.01, ns – not significant according to two-way ANOVA.

Table 2. Influence of lime treatments on content of Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B in a raspberry leaf

Treatments	Al	Fe	Mn	Cu	Zn	B
		mg kg^−1
First year
Control (1 t ha^−1 NPK)	896 a	153 a	1676 a	22 a	40 a	14 b
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	763 b	148 ab	1492 b	18 b	36 bc	9 c
CaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	710 b	130 c	1320 cd	17 cd	35 cd	10 c
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	745 b	135 bc	1510 b	18 bc	35 cd	9 c
MgCaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	764 b	128 c	1400 bc	15 e	34 d	9 c
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	523 c	164 a	1189 e	16 de	37 b	76 a
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	540 c	156 a	1235 de	17 bc	35 bcd	77 a
Second year
Control (1 t ha^−1 NPK)	962 a	139 a	2453 a	35 f	39 a	14 c
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	810 bc	122 bc	1834 b	106 d	35 b	8 de
CaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	783 bc	104 d	1353 e	114 c	29 e	7 e
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	770 bc	132 ab	1686 c	121 b	31 d	9 d
MgCaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	715 c	109 cd	1317 e	79 e	30 de	7 e
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	852 ab	133 ab	1650 cd	80 e	36 b	46 b
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	886 ab	127 ab	1520 d	126 a	34 c	49 a
Average for two years
Control (1 t ha^−1 NPK)	929.0 a	146.0 ab	2064 a	28.5 f	39.5 a	14.0 c
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	786.5 b	135.0 bc	1663 b	62.0 d	35.5 b	8.5 de
CaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	746.5 bcd	117.0 d	1336 c	65.5 c	32.0 e	8.5 de
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	757.5 bc	133.5 c	1598 b	69.5 b	33.0 d	9.0 d
MgCaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	739.5 bcd	118.5 d	1358 c	47.0 e	32.0 e	8.0 e
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	687.5 c	148.5 ab	1419 c	48.0 e	36.5 b	61.0 b
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	713.0 cd	141.5 abc	1377 c	71.5 a	34.5 c	63.0 a
ANOVA
Treatment	***	***	***	***	***	***
Year	***	***	***	***	***	***
Interaction	***	ns	***	***	***	***

a-e: Means in a column followed by the same subscript letters are not significantly different according to Duncan multiple range test (p < 0.05). * – significant at P ≤ 0.05, ** – significant at P ≤ 0.01, *** – significant at P ≤ 0.01, ns – not significant according to two-way ANOVA.

Table 3. Influence of lime treatments on content of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B (mg kg⁻¹) in the fruit of the raspberry

Treatments	Fe	Mn	Cu	Zn	B
	mg kg^−1
First year
Control (1 t ha^−1 NPK)	72 a	251 a	10 a	16 a	8 d
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	60 b	216 b	8 bc	13 b	8 d
CaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	53 c	192 c	8 bc	13 bc	9 cd
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	61 b	195 c	8 bc	12 c	9 cd
MgCaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	52 c	179 d	7 c	13 bc	10 c
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	60 b	176 d	8 b	11 d	19 a
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	62 b	150 e	8 bc	10 e	17 b
Second year
Control (1 t ha^−1 NPK)	50 a	203 a	11 a	16 a	7 bc
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	38 c	133 c	8 d	13 bc	6 c
CaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	32 d	117 de	9 bc	12 c	6 c
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	46 ab	120 de	10 b	13 b	6 bc
MgCaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	37 c	110 e	9 c	12 bc	7 bc
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	30 d	148 b	9 cd	12 c	10 a
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	44 b	123 cd	9 cd	11 b	9 a
Average for two years
Control (1 t ha^−1 NPK)	61.0 a	227.0 a	10.5 a	16.0 a	7.5 de
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	49.0 c	174.5 b	8.0 d	13.0 b	7.0 c
CaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	42.5 d	154.5 d	8.5 bc	12.5 b	7.5 de
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1)	53.5 b	157.5 cd	9.0 b	12.5 b	7.5 de
MgCaCO3 (4 t ha^−1)	44.5 d	144.5 e	8.0 d	12.5 b	8.5 c
CaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	45.0 d	162.0 c	8.5 bc	11.5 c	14.5 a
MgCaCO3 (2 t ha^−1) and Borax (50 kg ha^−1)	53.0 bc	136.5 f	8.5 bc	10.5 d	13.0 b
ANOVA
Treatment	***	***	***	***	***
Year	***	***	***	**	***
Interaction	***	***	*	***	***

a-e: Means in a column followed by the same subscript letters are not significantly different according to Duncan multiple range test (p < 0.05). * – significant at P ≤ 0.05, ** – significant at P ≤ 0.01, *** – significant at P ≤ 0.01, ns – not significant according to two-way ANOVA.