Figures & data
Figure 1. The role of Gln metabolism and autophagy in the regulation of prostate cancer radioresistance. (A) Gln serves for energy production in the TCA cycle, maintaining the redox state, epigenetic regulation, and the maintenance of CSCs. The activation of autophagy improves cell survival in a low glutamine microenvironment. (B) Targeting glutamine metabolism and autophagy results in tumor radiosensitization. αKG – alpha ketoglutarate; ATG5 – autophagy related 5; CSC – cancer stem cell; CQ – chloroquine; Cys – cysteine; ER - endoplasmic reticulum; GGC - γ-glutamylcysteine;GLS – glutaminase; Gln – glutamine; Glu – glutamate; Gly – glycine; GSH - glutathione (reduced form); GSSG - glutathione disulfide (oxidized form of GSH); HCHO – formaldehyde, a product of histone demethylation; JMJC – Jumonji C (JmjC)-domain-containing histone demethylases; LC3 – microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; Me – histone methylation; ROS – reactive oxygen species; RS – radiosensitizers; SLC1A5/ASCT2 – solute carrier family 1 member 5; TCA – tricarboxylic acid cycle
