Health and well-being of first responders: The role of psychological capital, self-compassion, social support, relationship satisfaction, and physical activity

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics and correlations.

			1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1. Age	35.88	14.08
2. Education	2.67	0.65	0.453**
3. Years in this job?	13.08	12.33	0.956**	0.363**
4. Self-compassion	38.43	6.94	0.181**	0.093	0.159*
5. Psychological Capital	50.44	12.13	−0.088	−0.249**	−0.056	0.315**
6. Family support	23.59	3.75	0.006	−0.039	0.040	0.010	0.048
7. Friends support	22.46	3.94	−0.092	−0.177**	−0.094	0.076	0.150**	0.745**
8. Significant Other support	23.64	3.57	0.188**	−0.004	0.180**	0.041	0.023	0.688**	0.567**
9. Relationship	2.88	1.17	−0.047	−0.230**	0.007	0.206**	0.533**	−0.054	−0.054	0.012
10. Exercise	4.40	1.69	−0.049	−0.092	−0.069	0.155**	0.038	0.260**	0.302**	0.183**	−0.030
11. Well-being	23.92	4.55	−0.068	−0.310**	−0.045	0.352**	0.366**	0.191**	0.311**	0.244**	0.285**	0.178**
12. Health	2.76	1.01	−0.363**	−0.236**	−0.335**	0.087	0.114*	0.085	0.066	0.164**	0.011	0.303**	0.183**

**Significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Table 2. HMRA to identify the predictors of Health.

	B	SE B	β
Step 1: R^2 Δ = 0.141, F(5, 385) = 12.60, p < 0.001
Age	−0.029	0.014	−0.407*
Sex	0.111	0.133	0.053
Education	−0.099	0.092	−0.064
Years in this job	0.009	0.017	0.112
Current rank	−0.040	0.074	−0.034
Step 2: R^2 Δ = 0.027, F(1, 384) = 0.001, p = 0.785
Age	−0.030	0.015	−0.413*
Sex	0.114	0.134	0.054
Education	−0.101	0.093	−0.065
Years in this job	0.010	0.017	0.119
Current rank	−0.045	0.076	−0.037
Self-compassion	0.024	0.007	0.167**
Step 3: R^2 Δ = 0.001, F(1, 383) = 2.68, p = 0.630
Age	−0.028	0.015	−0.395*
Sex	0.158	0.136	0.075
Education	−0.047	0.098	−0.031
Years in this job	0.009	0.017	0.109
Current rank	−0.052	0.075	−0.043
Self-compassion	0.023	0.007	0.159*
Psychological Capital	0.002	0.004	0.025
Step 4: R^2 Δ = 0.065, F(4, 379) = 7.39, p < 0.001
Age	−0.015	0.014	−0.211
Sex	0.077	0.137	0.036
Education	−0.155	0.098	−0.100
Years in this job	−0.002	0.016	−0.020
Current rank	−0.067	0.076	−0.056
Self-compassion	0.025	0.007	0.169**
Psychological Capital	0.004	0.005	0.053
Family support	0.103	0.022	0.384***
Friend support	0.031	0.019	0.119
Significant other support	0.087	0.019	0.309***
Relationship	−0.052	0.049	−0.061
Step 5: R^2 Δ = 0.064, F(1, 378) = 40.14, p < 0.001
Age	−0.020	0.014	−0.279**
Sex	0.063	0.130	0.030
Education	−0.119	0.094	−0.077
Years in this job	0.003	0.016	0.041
Current rank	−0.036	0.072	−0.030
Self-compassion	0.018	0.007	0.122*
Psychological Capital	0.006	0.005	0.067
Family support	0.090	0.021	0.337***
Friend support	0.042	0.018	0.163*
Significant Other support	0.086	0.018	0.304***
Relationship	−0.049	0.047	−0.057
Exercise	0.162	0.028	0.272***
Step 6: R^2 Δ = 0.013, F(1, 377) = 11.60, p < 0.001
Age	−0.017	0.014	−0.231
Sex	0.004	0.129	0.002
Education	−0.074	0.094	−0.048
Years in this job	−0.003	0.016	−0.035
Current rank	0.024	0.074	0.020
Self-compassion	0.011	0.007	0.078
Psychological Capital	0.004	0.005	0.046
Family support	0.092	0.021	0.345***
Friend support	0.047	0.018	0.185**
Significant Other support	0.093	0.018	0.332***
Relationship	0.068	0.047	0.079
Exercise	0.160	0.027	0.268***
Well-being	0.032	0.012	0.143**
Total R^2 = 0.29

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Table 3. HMRA to identify the predictors of well-being.

	B	SE B	β
Step 1: R^2Δ = 0.114, F(5, 385) = 9.92, p < 0.001
Age	.007	.066	.023
Sex	.842	.611	.088
Education	−2.243	.424	−.320***
Years in this job	.050	.076	.134
Current rank	−.671	.338	−.123
Step 2: R^2Δ = 0.152, F(1, 384) = 40.76, p < 0.001
Age	−.041	.064	−.127
Sex	1.108	.583	.116*
Education	−2.400	.404	−.342***
Years in this job	.109	.073	.294
Current rank	−1.135	.330	−.209***
Self-compassion	.262	.029	.400***
Step 3: R^2Δ = 0.043, F(1, 383) = 27.63, p < 0.001
Age	−.023	.062	−.071
Sex	1.717	.576	.180**
Education	−1.678	.414	−.239***
Years in this job	.097	.071	.264
Current rank	−1.226	.319	−.225***
Self-compassion	.212	.030	.323***
Psychological Capital	.088	.018	.235***
Step 4: R^2Δ = 0.079, F(4, 379) = 11.14, p < 0.001
Age	−.081	.060	−.251
Sex	1.505	.567	.158**
Education	−1.178	.409	−.168**
Years in this job	.151	.068	.410*
Current rank	−1.541	.315	−.283***
Self-compassion	.200	.029	.306***
Psychological Capital	.054	.019	.145**
Family support	.063	.089	.052
Friend support	.186	.076	.161***
Significant Other support	.249	.075	.195***
Relationship	.595	.196	.153***
Step 5: R^2Δ = 0.001, F(1, 378) = 2.73, p = 0.495
Age	−.087	.060	−.269
Sex	1.490	.566	.156**
Education	1.137	.409	.162**
Years in this job	−.157	.068	−.425*
Current rank	−1.506	.315	−.277***
Self-compassion	.197	.029	.301***
Psychological Capital	.055	.019	.146**
Family support	.069	.090	.057
Friend support	.180	.077	.156**
Significant Other support	.249	.075	.196***
Relationship	.597	.197	.153**
Exercise	.080	.117	.030
Total R^2 = 0.37

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Figure 1. Path Model of the predictors of health and well-being.