Asylum-Related Migrants’ Social-Media Use, Mobility Decisions, and Resilience

Figures & data

Table 1. Social-Media Use of Asylum-Related Migrants and Results of Crosstabs and Chi-Square Tests

% (N)	A) Skype	B) YouTube	C) Snapchat	D) Facebook	E) Instagram	F) Twitter	G) WhatsApp	H) Viber	I) LinkedIn	J) Any of the SoMe services	K) SoMe facilitated my decision to come to SL	L) During my journey to SL, SoMe was important for me	M) At SL, SoMe makes my life easier	N) SoMe facilitates my decision about where I'll move in Europe
All	6 (1781)	27 (1782)	8 (1782)	53 (1783)	16 (1782)	8 (1782)	64 (1782)	15 (1782)	4 (1781)	83 (1810)	42 (889)	56 (894)	55 (2154)	51 (719)
1) Study location
Greece	8 (476)	26 (477)	7 (477)	68 (478)	15 (477)	11 (477)	50 (477)	28 (477)	3 (476)	85 (503)	49 (204)	58 (205)	43 (423)	47 (435)
Italy	4 (100)	4 (100)	20 (100)	26 (100)	1 (100)	2 (100)	12 (100)	3 (100)	2 (100)	52 (100)	55 (64)	55 (65)	51 (92)	54 (93)
Turkey	5 (760)	38 (760)	6 (760)	56 (760)	20 (760)	8 (760)	79 (760)	5 (760)	4 (760)	90 (762)	38 (621)	56 (624)	68 (678)	61 (191)
Jordan	6 (445)	14 (445)	10 (445)	40 (445)	14 (445)	7 (445)	66 (455)	18 (445)	4 (445)	78 (445)	–	–	67 (377)	–
Iran	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	44 (584)	–
Chi sq.	6.870	106.070	27.050	102.307	25.687	11.101	231.923	135.487	1.279	102.270	11.849	0.251	120.105	10.767
P-value	0.076	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.011*	0.000***	0.000***	0.734	0.000***	0.003**	0.882	0.000***	0.005**
2) Gender
Women	2 (634)	19 (634)	7 (634)	39 (634)	11 (634)	3 (634)	72 (634)	9 (634)	2 (634)	84 (635)	40 (285)	54 (293)	55 (840)	54 (131)
Men	8 (1096)	32 (1097)	9 (1097)	63 (1098)	20 (1097)	11 (1097)	60 (1097)	18 (1097)	5 (1096)	84 (1119)	42 (591)	57 (588)	55 (1268)	50 (573)
Chi sq.	24.076	34.212	1.335	88.278	23.615	37.075	25.664	27.965	8.979	0.000	0.491	0.657	0.001	0.604
P-value	0.000***	0.000***	0.248	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.003**	0.990	0.517	0.417	0.974	0.437
3) Age
<19	4 (115)	31 (115)	8 (115)	62 (115)	18 (115)	4 (115)	50 (115)	19 (115)	4 (115)	85 (118)	30 (56)	44 (59)	50 (184)	39 (62)
19–29	9 (820)	34 (821)	12 (821)	59 (822)	23 (821)	12 (821)	65 (821)	17 (821)	5 (820)	87 (838)	40 (455)	56 (453)	58 (932)	51 (397)
30–49	4 (657)	21 (657)	4 (657)	51 (657)	10 (657)	6 (657)	70 (657)	12 (657)	2 (657)	83 (660)	46 (301)	61 (305)	56 (785)	57 (211)
50 or more	3 (148)	10 (148)	3 (148)	30 (148)	4 (148)	2 (148)	54 (148)	10 (148)	2 (145)	64 (149)	36 (59)	48 (59)	45 (213)	48 (21)
Chi sq.	17.527	52.915	42.979	46.971	62.915	31.311	24.373	12.750	13.526	51.732	6.263	8.253	15.206	6.604
P-value	0.001**	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.005**	0.004**	0.000***	0.099	0.041*	0.002**	0.086

Note. K and L include only respondents who left their origin country after 2009 and N includes, within the Turkey data, only respondents who have plans to go to Europe (since respondents who answered in Gr/It are already in Europe and thus are all included in the analysis). The presented values in the table are a percentage share (%) or a number (N) of those who answered the question “yes”/”I agree.”

Table 2. Social-Media Use of Asylum-Related Migrants and Results of Logistic Regression Analysis.

		A) YouTube	B) Facebook	C) Instagram	D) WhatsApp	E) Viber	F) Any of the SoMe services	G) SoMe facilitated my decision to come to SL	H) While traveling, SoMe was important for me	I) At SL, SoMe makes my life easier	J) SoMe facilitates my decision about where I'll move in Europe
	Asia	1.000***	1.000	1.000***	1.000***	1.000***	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000***	1.000*
Origin	ME	0.629	0.837	7.389**	0.677	2.131	1.285	0.810	1.501	1.747	1.472
	Syria	1.999	0.755	4.171**	4.238***	0.219***	1.694	0.576	1.404	4.314***	3.179**
	Africa	0.447*	0.612	0.512	0.629	0.438*	0.251*	0.873	1.335	1.430	1.587
Gender	Women	1.000***	1.000***	1.000***	1.000	1.000***	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
	Men	2.832***	2.897***	2.778***	1.174	5.365***	1.494	0.903	1.168	1.139	1.320
Age	<19	7.376**	1.684	45.915**	1.483	3.975	6.398**	0.456	0.617	1.096	0.879
	19–29	4.280**	1.412	23.983**	1.769	2.064	5.076***	0.802	0.821	1.099	1.304
	30–49	3.259*	1.554	6.380	2.436*	2.242	4.076**	1.346	1.178	1.001	1.385
	50 or more	1.000**	1.000	1.000***	1.000	1.000	1.000*	1.000*	1.000	1.000	1.000
Place of origin	Rural	1.000***	1.000***	1.000***	1.000***	1.000**	1.000***	1.000	1.000	1.000*	1.000
	Urban	2.373***	2.516***	3.529***	2.420***	2.501**	3.154***	0.827	1.298	1.208	1.026
Education	University	2.346***	1.513*	2.167***	1.978***	1.950*	2.660**	1.096	1.765**	1.476*	1.370
	Other	1.000***	1.000*	1.000***	1.000***	1.000*	1.000**	1.000	1.000**	1.000*	1.000
I see the future as positive	Disagree	1.000*	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000***	1.000	1.000*	1.000
	Agree	1.850*	1.150	1.695	1.386	2.078	0.771	2.784**	1.803*	1.266	1.709
	Don't know	1.255	1.327	1.136	1.527	2.237	0.990	1.425	1.562	0.763	1.359
I made friends during the journey	Disagree	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000		1.000***	1.000***	1.000*
	Agree	1.485*	1.541*	1.504	1.008	1.249	1.712		3.763***	2.131***	1.943**
	Don't know	1.014	1.129	0.845	1.013	1.344	2.268		2.436**	1.845*	1.649
I'm in contact with other people elsewhere in the current country	Disagree	1.000	1.000**	1.000	1.000*	1.000	1.000			1.000***	1.000**
	Agree	1.215	1.834**	1.555	1.717*	0.910	1.585			1.915***	1.405
	Don't know	1.205	2.289*	1.196	1.325	1.489	0.844			0.895	0.451*
I'm together with at least some of my family	Disagree	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000			1.000	1.000
	Agree	0.988	0.661*	0.852	0.851	1.027	0.789			1.264	1.170
	Don't know	0.784	0.779	1.036	1.285	1.485	1.009			1.080	1.234
	Nagelkerke	0.214	0.160	0.290	0.275	0.242	0.202	0.078	0.165	0.225	0.131
	N	849	849	849	849	849	861	735	718	1094	467
Statistical significance levels 0, 1%***; 1%**; 5%*
Hosmer & Lemeshow in all models > 0.05

Note. The models include only those observations that have data in all the variables in the model. Thus, A–F includes data collected from Greece, Italy, and Turkey. G and H include only respondents who left their origin country after 2009 and J includes, within the Turkey data, only respondents who have plans to go to Europe (respondents who answered in Gr/It are already in Europe and thus are all included in the analysis; no data from other study locations).

Table 3. Chi-Square Test for Trust Toward Aid Providers and Use of Social Media.

I trust people who try to help me (%), (N)	Do use social media	Do not use social media	Chi-square	p-value
I agree	78 (359)	22 (104)	10.563	0.005
I don't know	85 (230)	15 (40)
I disagree	86 (188)	14 (30)

Note. The chi-square test excludes Iran data because of no data about social media use and Turkey data because of no data about trusting people.