ABSTRACT
Extensive research and development (R&D) efforts are required to make biofuel production cost-effective. Knowledge management may boost the R&D efforts. Co-processing of petroleum residues, other organic wastes, and fuels may generate cleaner fuels. Presently, an energy management concept of phase-wise transition to biofuels and an energy security management (ESM) model has been suggested as E (Energy) = a ex + b dy/dt + c ez, based on the exponential growth of fossil fuels use with increase in the world population (ex) and differential rate increase in organic wastes use with time, with ez being the exponential increase in biofuels use and a, b, and c are the factors representing the fuel reserves. R&D management involving knowledge management through trained human resources may lead to the development of effective technologies for ushering in the era of bioeconomy.