Potential sites for the use of ocean energy in the Mexican Caribbean

ABSTRACT

Increasing demand for electricity and the need for sustainable energy sources, make ocean energy a viable alternative for its generation in coastal regions. In this study, wave, marine currents and thermal gradient resources were evaluated to identify potential sites for energy harvesting in the Mexican Caribbean. From a techno-economic review of the literature, a marine current turbine from Nova Innovation 100 kW, an OWC (350 kW), and an OTEC (1 MW) plant were considered, examining theoretical energy potentials and the LCOE of each. A potential environmental impact assessment was also carried out, including a study of the regulatory framework and the socio-economic conditions in the region. The results show that energy harvesting from the sources analyzed is viable, especially in the north of the area, where most of the sites that fit the proposed criteria were found, e.g. Cancun for wave energy (power availability of 45.6 MWh/m/yr) and current energy (power availability of 4.4 MWh/m²yr), and the east coast of Cozumel for OTEC deployment (power availability of 1.69 GWh/km²/yr). Of the three harvesting technologies studied, the best LCOE obtained was for OTEC (862.2 US$/MWh) with a capacity factor of 0.965%. This was expected, given that the technologies analyzed for current and wave energy are not efficient for the resource conditions in the Mexican Caribbean.

KEYWORDS:

• Quintana Roo
• wave energy
• marine current energy
• thermal gradient energy
• environmental impacts

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2022.2160524

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by to the Centro Mexicano de Innovación en Energía del Océano (CEMIE-Océano) funded by the CONACYT-SENER Sustentabilidad Energética project: FSE-2014-06-249795.