The contrasted evolution of cycling during youth. Determinants of bicycle ownership and use

Figures & data

Table 1. Profile of young respondents.

Variable			%	Variable			%
Gender	Female		60.6%	Age	12–13 years old		11.9%
	Male		39.4%		14 years old		17.7%
Educational orientation	General orientation (ISCED 2)		25%		15 years old		14.0%
	Educational orientation (ISCED 2)		20.4%		16 years old		15.6%
	General culture and business school (ISCED 34)		12.9%		17 years old		14.0%
	Vocational School (ISCED 35)		16.9%		18 years old		15.1%
	Maturity high school (ISCED 34)		24.8%		19–29 years old		11.7%
Place of residence	Yverdon		54.5%	Language spoken at home	French		53.1%
	Urban area (outside Yverdon)		7.5%		French and another language		35.8%
	Other		38.1%		Mainly another language		11.1%
Parents’ level of education		Mother	Father	Parents’ level of cycling		Mother	Father
Compulsory		23.9%	21.1%	Owns a bicycle		62.2%	75.1%
Vocational or general secondary		44.2%	45.9%	Cycle to work often or occasionally		42.2%	42.4%
Tertiary		31.9%	33.0%	Cycle often or occasion. for sport or leisure		69.8%	79.0%

Table 2. Bicycle use by type of cyclist.

		Recreational cyclists (N = 309; 31.8%)	Occasional cyclists (N = 366; 37.7%)	Utilitarian cyclists (N = 296; 30.5%)
Cycle to school	Never	100%	95.1%	0.0%
	Sometimes	0.0%	4.9%	45.6%
	Often	0.0%	0.0%	54.4%
Cycle to activities	Never	38.2%	42.6%	4.7%
	Sometimes	43.0%	42.3%	39.5%
	Often	18.8%	15.0%	55.7%
Cycle for sport	Never	9.0%	97.8%	36.4%
	Sometimes	75.7%	1.9%	41.0%
	Often	24.3%	0.3%	21.6%
Cycle for recreational bike rides	Never	6.1%	10.7%	8.8%
	Sometimes	58.6%	73.0%	47.6%
	Often	35.3%	16.4%	43.6%

Figure 1. Typology of young people in relation to their cycling practice by age (N = 1.339).

Table 3. Young people’s likelihood of owning a functional bicycle and cycling – extract from the logistical regressions.

		Cycling habits						Owning a functional bicycle
		With the variable “parents’ cycling habits”			Without the variable “parents’ cycling habits”
		Exp (B)	Sig.	Stand. error	Exp (B)	Sig.	Stand. error	Exp (B)	Sig.	Stand. error
School and school orientation	General orientation (ISCED 2)	0.977	ns	0.525	0.673	ns	0.285	3.358	ns	1.072
	Educational orientation (ISCED 2)	1.373	ns	0.536	1.252	ns	0.317	2.853	ns	0.998
	General culture and business school (ISCED 34)	0.612	ns	0.362	0.558	**	0.216	0.515	ns	0.707
	Vocational School (ISCED 35)	0.851	ns	0.372	0.566	**	0.208	0.931	ns	0.718
	Maturity high school (ISCED 34) (ref)
Age	13–15 (ref)
	16–17	0.864	ns	0.463	0.882	ns	0.256	2.248	ns	0.896
	18–20	0.602	ns	0.524	0.682	ns	0.293	1.841	ns	0.977
Gender	Female	0.625	ns	0.243	0.714	*	0.138	1.871	ns	0.464
	Male (ref)
Place of residence	Elsewhere	1.458	ns	0.314	0.855	ns	0.175	1.212	ns	0.639
	Sub- and periurban municipalities in the urban region of Yverdon	0.732	ns	0.436	0.548	*	0.251	0.247	*	0.658
	City of Yverdon (ref)
Language spoken at home	Mainly another language	1.724	ns	0.495	0.824	ns	0.228	3.531	ns	1.179
	French and another language	1.514	ns	0.288	0.814	ns	0.155	1.539	ns	0.568
	French (ref)
Parental education	Tertiary	1.897	ns	0.378	1.606	*	0.2	5.262	*	0.665
	Vocational or general secondary	1.642	ns	0.372	1.317	ns	0.189	4.721	*	0.689
	Compulsory (ref)
Parents’ cycling practices	Utility: often	7.833	***	0.377	–	–	–	6.456	**	0.604
	Utility: occasionally	9.691	***	0.408	–	–	–	16.397	**	0.862
	Recreational: often	10.972	***	0.546	–	–	–	6.927	*	0.903
	Recreational: occasionally	5.855	***	0.39	–	–	–	6.38	**	0.663
	Do not own a bike (ref)

Note: ns = non-significant; * = p < .05; ** = p < .01; *** = p < .001; Model fit indicator (Nagelkerke R Square): 0.161; 0.079; 0.177.

Table 4. Multinomial logistic regression model explaining the propensity to use a bicycle for utility, recreational or occasional use.

		Characteristics of recreational cycling vs occasional cyclists			Characteristics of utilitarian cyclists vs occasional cyclists
		Exp (B)	Sig.	Standard error	Exp (B)	Sig.	Standard error
School and school orientation	General orientation (ISCED 2)	0.87	ns	0.514	1.306	ns	0.565
	Educational orientation (ISCED 2)	1.227	ns	0.506	1.63	ns	0.557
	General culture and business school (ISCED 34)	1.772	ns	0.375	0.309	ns	0.635
	Vocational School (ISCED 35)	0.887	ns	0.367	0.586	ns	0.466
	Maturity high school (ISCED 34) (ref)
Age	13–15 (ref)
	16–17	1.277	ns	0.448	0.946	ns	0.508
	18–20	0.795	ns	0.512	1.177	ns	0.61
Gender	Female	0.425	**	0.246	0.21	***	0.257
	Male (ref)
Place of residence	Elsewhere	2.123	*	0.3	0.395	*	0.362
	Agglomeration of Yverdon	1.085	ns	0.507	1.396	ns	0.482
	Yverdon (ref)
Language spoken at home	Mainly another language	0.47	ns	0.512	0.901	ns	0.473
	French and another language	0.807	ns	0.275	1.009	ns	0.29
	French (ref)
Highest level of parental education	Tertiary	1.055	ns	0.4	2.399	*	0.422
	Vocational or general secondary	0.523	ns	0.399	1.182	ns	0.414
	Compulsory (ref)
Parents’ cycling practices	Utility: often	1.28	ns	0.53	7.001	**	0.717
	Utility: occasionally	1.773	ns	0.539	6.387	*	0.731
	Recreational: often	2.105	ns	0.594	1.712	ns	0.884
	Recreational: occasionally	1.352	ns	0.541	3.042	ns	0.747
	Do not own a bike (ref)

Note: ns = non-significant; * = p < .05; ** = p < .01; *** = p < .001; Model fit indicator (Nagelkerke R Square): 0.346.