Coupling Simulation of Human-Environmental Safety Risk Factors in Metro Construction – a Case Study of Rongjiazhai Station at Xi’an Metro Line 5 in China

Figures & data

Figure 1. Risk indicators in metro construction safety system.

Table 1. Weighting indices of human and environmental factors

Primary indicator	${\omega }_i$	Secondary indicators	${\omega }_{ij}$
Human factor risk	0.4886	Professional technical ability	0.0684
		Educational level	0.1418
		Safety production awareness	0.2936
		Psychological quality	0.1642
		On-site disposal risk capability	0.0942
		Physical discomfort	0.2378
Environmental factor risk	0.2193	Work environment is deteriorated (temperature, lighting, noise)	0.3651
		Complex social environment	0.2447
		Unforeseen natural environment (weather conditions)	0.1246
		Environmental impacts of surrounding buildings (underground pipelines, geology, soil quality, hydrology)	0.2656

Table 2. Definition of safety risk classification for metro construction

Risk level	Level range	Disposal principle
Level I	[0,20)	Mild risk, normal construction
Level II	[20,40)	Low risk, can be applied to the normal risk prevention system
Level III	[40,60)	Moderate risk, conditions are acceptable, but risks must be monitored to avoid elevation
Level IV	[60,80)	Severe risk, take effective measures, and the implementation cost of the measures should be lower than the loss after the risk occurs
Level V	[80,100)	Extremely risky, take immediate control measures to reduce risk, at least reduce risk to level II

Table 3. Expert scoring and reverse cloud model digital features

Index	Expert score										（Ex，En，He）
Human risk factors
Professional technical ability r1	25	26	30	18	20	34	20	16	19	28	(23.6000，3.1333，3.4196)
Educational level r2	27	25	30	20	37	19	15	16	29	31	(24.9000，3.7098，5.2518)
Safety production awareness r3	31	44	35	27	43	46	39	40	42	45	(39.2000，3.1082，5.2647)
Psychological quality r4	15	10	9	18	6	11	13	18	20	26	(14.6000，3.0080，11.6341)
On-site disposal risk capability r5	34	28	36	48	39	31	42	30	37	32	(35.7000，2.9453，2.5566)
Physical discomfort r6	10	12	21	9	13	15	18	22	17	10	(14.7000，2.4440，4.3095)
Environmental risk factors
Poor work environment h1	27	29	28	21	25	32	30	27	26	25	(27.0000，1.3786，1.5949)
Complex social environment h2	8	6	10	5	7	5	1	6	11	2	(6.1000，1.4538，4.0699)
Unforeseen natural environment h3	46	39	47	42	50	54	49	57	50	51	(48.5000，2.5066，0.8132)
Surrounding building environmental impact h4	56	54	50	53	62	56	52	52	60	53	(54.8000，1.8549，0.3992)

Table 4. Human-environmental risk coupled system SD model variable set and value

Variable	Var. code	Variable name	Var. assign.
State	Lr(t)	Human Factors	25.9
	Lh(t)	Environmental factor	31.9
	Lr-1	Professional technical ability	23.6
	Lr-2	Educational level	24.9
	Lr-3	Dimensionless processing: safety production awareness	39.2
	Lr-4	Psychological quality	14.6
	Lr-5	On-site disposal risk capability	35.7
	Lr-6	Physical discomfort	14.7
	Lh-1	Poor working environment	27
	Lh-2	Complex social environment	6.1
	Lh-3	Unforeseen natural environment	48.5
	Lh-4	Surrounding building environmental impact	54.8
Rate	Rr	Human factor risk level increase per unit time	/
	Rh	Environmental risk level increases per unit time	/
	Rr-1	Increase in the level of professional technical capability risk per unit time	/
	Rr-2	Increase in the level of education risk per unit time	/
	Rr-3	Number of weakened risk levels of safety production awareness per unit time	/
	Rr-4	Increase in psychological quality risk level per unit time	/
	Rr-5	Increase in risk level of on-site disposal risk capability per unit time	/
	Rr-6	Increase in the level of physical discomfort risk per unit time	/
	Rh-1	Increase in the level of risk in the work environment per unit time	/
	Rh-2	Increase in the risk level of complex social environment per unit time	/
	Rh-3	Unforeseen increase in the risk level of natural environment per unit time	/
	Rh-4	Increase in the risk level of the surrounding building environment per unit time	/
Auxiliary variable	RHZSP	Dimensionless processing: human-environmental factor risk coupling level	/
Constant	Cr4-r6	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient between psychological quality and physical quality	0.4863
	Cr4-r3	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient between psychological quality and safety production consciousness	0.5000
	Cr3-r2	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient of safety production awareness and education level	0.4874
	Cr2-r1	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient between education level and professional technical ability	0.4998
	Cr4-r5	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient of psychological quality and on-the-spot risk ability	0.4539
	Cr1-r5	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient between professional and technical ability and ability to deal with risks on the spot	0.4895
	Ch3-h1	Dimensionless processing: unpredictable coupling coefficient between natural environment and working environment	0.4793
	Ch4-h1	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient between the influence of surrounding building environment and working environment	0.4702
	Cr6-h1	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient between physical discomfort and work environment	0.4778
	Cr1-h1	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient between professional and technical ability and working environment	0.4989
	Cr5-h3	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient between the ability to deal with risks on the spot and the unpredictable natural environment	0.4942
	Cr4-h2	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient between psychological quality and complex social environment	0.4559
	Cr1-h4	Dimensionless processing: coupling coefficient between professional and technical ability and the influence of surrounding building environment	0.4587

Figure 2. Human-environmental coupling risk causality loop diagram.

Figure 3. Human-environmental coupling risk flow rate diagram.