The single evolutionary origin of chlorinated auxin provides a phylogenetically informative trait in the Fabaceae

Figures & data

Figure 1. Phylogeny of the major lineages of the inverted-repeat-loss clade (IRLC) of the family Fabaceae with a particular focus on the closest lineages to the tribe Fabeae. The ability to produce 4-Cl-IAA appears to have evolved after the divergence of the genera Cicer and Galega approximately 25 million years ago (indicated by arrow and red brances). Species with detectable 4-Cl-IAA are shown in red; species that do not have detectable 4-Cl-IAA are shown in black. Species investigated in this study are indicated by an asterisk. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates are taken from Choi. et al.,¹⁴ Lavin et al.,⁹ Schaefer et al.¹⁰ and Wojciechowski et al.⁸

Table 1. Endogenous levels of 4-Cl-IAA and IAA in 15 representative species from the family Fabaceae. (n.d., not detected).

Species	Phylogenetic clade	Tissue type	IAA (ng.g^−1)	4-Cl-IAA (ng.g ^−1)
Ononis fruticosa	Trifolieae	Dry seeds	3059	1381
Ononis natrix	Trifolieae	Dry seeds	3741	3600
Ononis repens	Trifolieae	Dry seeds	3555	6261
Ononis spinosa	Trifolieae	Dry seeds	2016	4144
Cicer echinospermum	Cicereae	Dry seeds	7139	n.d.
Galega officinalis	Trifolieae	Dry seeds	428	n.d.
Parochetus communis	Trifolieae	Dry seeds	39235	n.d.
Astragalus propinquus	Astragalae	Dry seeds	5425	n.d.
Astragalus sinicus	Astragalae	Dry seeds	461	n.d.

Choi H-K, Mun J-H, Kim D-J, Zhu H, Baek J-M, Mudge J, Roe B, Ellis N, Doyle J, Kiss GB. Estimating genome conservation between crop and model legume species. P Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101:15289-94; PMID:15489274; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0402251101

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Lavin M, Herendeen PS, Wojciechowski MF. Evolutionary rates analysis of Leguminosae implicates a rapid diversification of lineages during the Tertiary. Syst Biol 2005; 54:575-94; PMID:16085576; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150590947131

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Schaefer H, Hechenleitner P, Santos-Guerra A, de Sequeira MM, Pennington RT, Kenicer G, Carine MA. Systematics, biogeography, and character evolution of the legume tribe Fabeae with special focus on the middle-Atlantic island lineages. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:250; PMID:23267563; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-12-250

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M, Sanderson MJ. A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid matK gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family. Am J Bot 2004; 91:1846-62; PMID:21652332; http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.11.1846

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar