The optimal mixing ratio of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea meal improve nematode Meloidogyne hapla effects

Figures & data

Table 1. Effect of nematode control on rapeseed (Brassica napus) meal in soil experiments with tomato host plants. (Unit: No./10 mL).

Treatment (g/kg soil)^a		Number of nematodes^b
Rapeseed meal	0	1160 ± 173.5 a
	40	504 ± 48.1 b
	80	153 ± 19.2 c
	120	55 ± 6.6 d

^a1,000–1,500 nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) larvae were inoculated by drilling 2–3 cm deep holes around the roots under the different amount of rapeseed meal conditions.

^bAll data are means ± standard deviation of nine replicates. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 using Duncan’s test.

Table 2. Nematode controlling effects of mixtures of rapeseed (Brassica napus) and leaf mustard (Brassica juncea) meal in soil experiments with tomato host plants. (Unit: No./10 mL).

Treatment (g/kg soil)^a		Number of nematodes^b
Negative control	no treatment	2320.4 ± 347.0
Rapeseed meal	120	664.4 ± 28.3 a
Leaf mustard meal	120	192.0 ± 12.6 b
Rapeseed meal + Leaf mustard meal	100 + 20	94.7 ± 7.4 c
	80 + 40	87 ± 5.3 c
	60 + 60	74.9 ± 5.5 d
	40 + 80	56.0 ± 3.8 e
	20 + 100	48.8 ± 4.4 e

^a2,000–2,500 nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) larvae were inoculated by drilling 2–3 cm deep holes around roots of host plants under the various ratio of rapeseed meal and leaf mustard meal conditions.

^bAll data are means ± standard deviation of nine replicates. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 using Duncan’s test

Table 3. Glucosinolate content in rapeseed (Brassica napus), leaf mustard (Brassica juncea), or mixtures of both types of meal.

Glucosinolates	Rapeseed meal plus leaf mustard meal (g/kg soil)
	120 + 0	0 + 120	100 + 20	80 + 40	60 + 60	40 + 80	20 + 100
Progoitrin	14.4 ± 0.6 b^a	0.3 ± 0.0 e	18.4 ± 0.7 a	15.4 ± 0.9 b	8.8 ± 0.4 c	7.8 ± 0.4 c	3.5 ± 0.3 d
Glucoraphanin	0.7 ± 0.0 b	0.1 ± 0.1 d	0.9 ± 0.1 a	0.8 ± 0.0 ab	0.4 ± 0.1 c	0.4 ± 0.0 c	0.2 ± 0.0 d
Sinigrin	0.1 ± 0.0 f	104.3 ± 2.6a	26.2 ± 1.5 e	48.7 ± 1.3 d	69.7 ± 5.6 c	83.5 ± 4.4 b	95.3 ± 3.2 a
Glucoalyssin	0.5 ± 0.0 a	0.2 ± 0.0 b	0.6 ± 0.0a	0.5 ± 0.0a	0.3 ± 0.0 b	0.3 ± 0.0b	0.1 ± 0.0 c
Gluconapoleiferin	0.4 ± 0.0 b	ND^b e	0.5 ± 0.0 a	0.4 ± 0.0 b	0.2 ± 0.0 c	0.2 ± 0.0 c	0.1 ± 0.0 d
Gluconapin	10.3 ± 0.3 c	0.8 ± 0.1f	14.4 ± 0.2 a	11.8 ± 0.5b	6.8 ± 0.3 d	6.2 ± 0.3 d	3.6 ± 0.4 e
4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin	2.9 ± 0.3 b	5.1 ± 0.2 a	2.1 ± 0.5 b	1.9 ± 0.3 b	2.4 ± 0.7 b	2.8 ± 0.5 b	2.9 ± 0.5 b
Glucocochlearin	ND	ND	0.2 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	ND	0.3 ± 0.0
Glucobrassicanapin	1.5 ± 0.1 b	ND	1.8 ± 0.0 a	1.51 ± 0.1 b	0.9 ± 0.0 c	0.7 ± 0.1 d	0.4 ± 0.0 e
Glucoerucin	0.2 ± 0.0 a	0.2 ± 0.0 c	0.3 ± 0.0 a	0.2 ± 0.0 ab	0.1 ± 0.1 c	0.2 ± 0.0 bc	0.2 ± 0.0 c
Glucobrassicin	0.7 ± 0.0 a	0.4 ± 0.0 cd	0.6 ± 0.0 a	0.6 ± 0.0 ab	0.4 ± 0.1 bc	0.3 ± 0.1cd	0.2 ± 0.0 d
4-Methoxyglucobrassicin	0.6 ± 0.0 a	0.5 ± 0.0 a	0.5 ± 0.0 ab	0.5 ± 0.0 ab	0.4 ± 0.1 ab	0.2 ± 0.2 bc	0.1 ± 0.0 c
Gluconasturtiin	0.6 ± 0.0 a	0.7 ± 0.0 a	0.8 ± 0.0 a	0.8 ± 0.0 a	0.7 ± 0.0 a	0.8 ± 0.1 a	0.7 ± 0.0 a
Neoglucobrassicin	ND	0.2 ± 0.0	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Total	32.9 ± 1.4	112.8 ± 2.9	67.1 ± 2.1	83.2 ± 2.7	91.5 ± 5.5	103.3 ± 4.4	107.6 ± 3.8

^aAll data are means ± standard deviation (μmol/g DW) of nine replicates. Bold type text indicates major glucosinolates in rapeseed or leaf mustard meal or mixtures of both. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference between seven treatments subjected to the same glycosinolate at P < 0.05 using Duncan’s test

^bNone determined (ND)