ABA enhanced cold tolerance of wheat ‘dn1’ via increasing ROS scavenging system

Figures & data

Table 1. Primers for Real-Time RT-PCR* analysis.

Gene		Primer sequences	Melting Temperatures(ºC)	Sizes of amplified fragments(bp)
TaAPX	Forward	GCCGAAGCGTAAGAGGTGTC	59.8	134
	Reverse	AGCCAACGGACATTATTACAGAGAT	60.8
TaGR	Forward	CTCATCCACCCTGTGCTACTGT	59.1	145
	Reverse	ATTCCCGTTGGCTCTTTCTC	58.4
TaDHAR	Forward	AAAGTGAACCCGTAAGCCCTCC	63.6	129
	Reverse	GCGACAACCAGAGCACATCA	63.0
TaMDHAR	Forward	GATTACCTGCCATTCTTCTACTCCA	61.2	112
	Reverse	ACATCGGGCTGTTGCTTGTG	61.6
TaACTIN	Forward Reverse	TCCAATCTATGAGGGATACACGC TCTTCATTAGATTATCCGTGAGGTC	60.0	120

*Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Figure 1. Effect of exogenous ABA on H₂O₂ content and relative electrical conductivity of the ‘dn1ʹ variety.

(a): H₂O₂ content in leaves; (b): H₂O₂ content in rhizomes; (c): Relative electrical conductivity in leaves; (d): Relative electrical conductivity in rhizomes.Different lowercase letters indicate that there is a significant statistical difference between any two of three treatmentgroups at the same temperature(P < .05), while groups labeled with the same letter represent are notstatisticallydifferent. Different symbols representthat there is a significant statistical difference between any two of fourtemperaturegroups at the same treatment(P < .05), while groups labeled with the same symbol represent are notstatisticallydifferent.

Figure 2. Effect of exogenous ABA on activities of antioxidants of the ‘dn1ʹ variety.

(a): SOD activity in leaves; (b): SOD activity in rhizomes; (c): CAT activity in leaves; (d): CAT activity in rhizomes; (E): POD activity in leaves; (F): POD activity in rhizomes.Different lowercase letters indicate that there is a significant statistical difference between any two of three treatment groups at the same temperature(P < .05), while groups labeled with the same letter represent are notstatisticallydifferent. Different symbols representthat there is a significant statistical difference between any two of fourtemperature groups at the same treatment(P < .05), while groups labeled with the same symbol represent are notstatisticallydifferent.

Figure 3. Effect of exogenous ABA on contents of antioxidants of the ‘dn1ʹ variety.

(a): AsA in leaves; (b): AsA in rhizomes; C: GSH in leaves; D: GSH in rhizomes; (e): AsA+DHA in leaves; (f): AsA+DHA in rhizomes; G: GSH/GSSG in leaves; (h): GSH/GSSG in rhizomes.Different lowercase letters indicate that there is a significant statistical difference between any two of three treatment groups at the same temperature(P < .05), while groups labeled with the same letter represent are notstatisticallydifferent. Different symbols representthat there is a significant statistical difference between any two of fourtemperature groups at the same treatment(P < .05), while groups labeled with the same symbol represent are notstatisticallydifferent.

Figure 4. Effect of exogenous ABA on APX and GR activity and TaAPXand TaGRexpression of the ‘dn1ʹ variety.

(a): APX activity in leaves; (b): APX activity in rhizomes; (c): TaAPX expression in leaves; (d): TaAPX expression in rhizomes; (e): GR activity in leaves; F: GR activity in rhizomes; (g): TaGR expression in leaves; (h): TaGR expression in rhizomes.Different lowercase letters indicate that there is a significant statistical difference between any two of three treatment groups at the same temperature(P < .05), while groups labeled with the same letter represent are notstatisticallydifferent. Different symbols representthat there is a significant statistical difference between any two of fourtemperature groups at the same treatment(P < .05), while groups labeled with the same symbol represent are notstatisticallydifferent.

Figure 5. Effect of exogenous ABA on DHAR and MDHAR activity and TaDHAR and TaMDHARexpression of the ‘dn1ʹ variety.

(a): DHAR activity in leaves; (b): DHAR activity in rhizomes; (c): TaDHAR expression in leaves; (d): TaDHAR expression in rhizomes; (e): MDHAR activity in leaves; (f): MDHAR activity in rhizomes; (g): TaMDHAR expression in leaves; (h): TaMDHAR expression in rhizomes.Different lowercase letters indicate that there is a significant statistical difference between any two of three treatment groups at the same temperature(P < .05), while groups labeled with the same letter represent are notstatisticallydifferent. Different symbols representthat there is a significant statistical difference between any two of fourtemperature groups at the same treatment(P < .05), while groups labeled with the same symbol represent are notstatisticallydifferent.

Table 2. Correlations of different gene expression in the AsA-GSH cycle.

		TaAPX	TaGR	TaMDHAR	TaDHAR
TaAPX	Pearson Correlation	1	0.351	0.780**	0.613*
	Sig.(2-tailed)		0.264	0.003	0.034
TaGR	Pearson Correlation	-	1	−0.147	0.954**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	-		0.649	0.000
TaMDHAR	Pearson Correlation	-	-	1	0.109
	Sig.(2-tailed)	-	-		0.737
TaDHAR	Pearson Correlation	-	-	-	1
	Sig.(2-tailed)	-	-	-

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Figure 6. Rate of returning green.

Different lowercase letters indicate that there is a significant statistical difference between any two of three treatment groups at the same temperature(P < .05), while groups labeled with the same letter represent are notstatisticallydifferent.

Data availability statement

All data generated or analyzed during this study  are available upon request by contact with the corresponding author .