Can electrophysiological information reflect the response of mangrove species to salt stress? A case study of rewatering and Sodium nitroprusside application

Figures & data

Figure 1. Experiment design shows two different phases (salt stress and rewatering). ΔC indicates the change in NaCl concentration from high to low.

Figure 2. Simplified equivalent circuit of cells. Z = impedance, C_m = capacitance of membrane, R_m = resistance of membrane, X_Cm = capacitive reactance of membrane, XL_m = inductive reactance of membrane, Ro = resistance outside membrane, and Ri = resistance inside membrane.

Figure 3. Representation of the parallel plate capacitor.

Figure 4. The equations of fitting curve relationship between clamping force C_F and leaf resistance (R), capacitive reactance (X_C), inductive reactance (XL), impedance (Z), andphysiological capacitance (C). Figure (a–e) represents the A. corniculatum species and figure (f–j) represents the K. obovate species fitting equations in stress condition (random examples).

Figure 4. Continued.

Table 1. The electrophysiological parameters of A. corniculatum species in salt stress and rewatering phase, clamping force C_F = 0

Salt concentrations	Low (NaCl)	Low (SNP +NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (SNP + NaCl)	High/high-medium (NaCl)	High/high-medium (SNP +NaCl)
IR-Ss	4.04 ± 0.73^b	2.32 ± 0.19^b	5.52 ± 0.55^b	3.67 ± 0.62^b	12.70 ± 7.32^a	7.49 ± 2.83^b
IR-RW	1.97 ± 0.49^b	1.74 ± 0.48^b	5.81 ± 0.78^b	2.12 ± 0.29^b	13.2 ± 8.59^a	9.87 ± 2.26^b
IXC-Ss	1.62 ± .08^ab	1.04 ± .78^ab	1.41 ± .09^ab	1.24 ± .12^ab	3.47 ± .32^a	1.92 ± .06^b
IXC-RW	1.45 ± 0.32^ab	0.77 ± 0.46^c	1.75 ± 0.24^ab	1.25 ± 0.02^ab	2.81 ± 0.68^a	1.83 ± 0.31^ab
IXL-Ss	4.24 ± 0.17^b	3.01 ± 0.17^b	6.10 ± 0.58^b	4.36 ± 0.68^b	33.80 ± 7.25^a	8.56 ± 1.89^b
IXL-RW	2.90 ± 0.68^b	2.16 ± 0.44^b	6.63 ± 0.83^b	2.98 ± 0.28^b	38.40 ± 23.70^a	10.50 ± 2.39^b
IZ-Ss	1.56 ± 0.33^ab	0.95 ± 0.59^ab	1.37 ± 0.91^ab	1.17 ± 0.12^ab	3.46 ± 0.34^a	1.86 ± 0.18^b
IZ-RW	1.17 ± 0.27^ab	0.69 ± 0.58^c	1.68 ± 0.23^b	1.06 ± 0.51^ab	2.80 ± 0.69^a	1.81 ± 0.31^b
IC-Ss	32.9 ± 1.78^cd	51.3 ± 4.08^b	38.1 ± 2.62^bcd	43.6 ± 4.56^bc	15.5 ± 1.47^f	28.1 ± 2.57^def
IC-RW	39.9 ± 7.94^bcd	69.4 ± 4.42^a	31.5 ± 3.97^cde	42.4 ± 0.78^cde	20.8 ± 4.07^ef	31.3 ± 6.61^cde
ET-Ss	30.0 ± 2.7^b	27.7 ± 6.1^bc	29.7 ± 1.90^b	36.7 ± 10.1^b	12.4 ± 0.53^d	15.4 ± 1.41^cd
ET-RW	31.5 ± 4.5^b	33.7 ± 0.6^b	56.1 ± 3.2^a	24.3 ± 1.3^bc	24.2 ± 1.9^bcd	27.9 ± 5.1^bc

IR = inherent resistance, IX_C = inherent capacitive reactance, IXL = inherent inductive reactance, IZ = inherent impedance, IC = inherent capacitance, ET = effective thickness, values indicate the mean ± SE, n = 8. The small letter indicates significant difference at (p < 0.05) using Duncan’s multiple range tests.

Table 2. The electrophysiological parameters of K. obovate species in salt stress and rewatering phase, clamping force C_F = 0

Salt concentrations	Low (NaCl)	Low (SNP +NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (SNP + NaCl)	High/high-medium (NaCl)	High/high-medium (SNP +NaCl)
IR-Ss	2.59 ± 0.90^b	0.74 ± 0.22^b	0.93 ± 0.18^b	0.72 ± 0.14^b	4.47 ± 1.02^a	3.18 ± 4.75^b
IR-RW	1.08 ± 0.50^b	0.70 ± 0.18^b	1.44 ± 0.29^b	1.21 ± 0.21^b	0.69 ± 0.21^b	2.87 ± 1.63^b
IXC-Ss	0.89 ± 0.13^b	0.63 ± 0.22^b	0.81 ± 0.13^b	0.86 ± 0.10^b	1.63 ± 0.32^ab	1.97 ± 0.73^ab
IXC-RW	0.63 ± 0.08^b	0.54 ± 0.05^b	0.96 ± 0.16^b	0.60 ± 0.04^b	0.98 ± 0.21^b	2.91 ± 1.32^a
IXL-Ss	3.01 ± 0.93^b	1.18 ± 0.19^b	1.5 ± 0.25^b	1.34 ± 0.96^b	5.09 ± 1.03^ab	8.45 ± 1.89^ab
IXL-RW	1.91 ± 0.50^b	1.06 ± 0.19^b	1.97 ± 0.37^b	1.59 ± 0.25^b	2.16 ± 0.86^b	10.1 ± 6.98^a
IZ-Ss	0.85 ± 0.14^bc	0.45 ± 0.05^c	0.60 ± 0.10^bc	0.53 ± 0.05^c	1.56 ± 0.31^abc	1.94 ± 0.74^a
IZ-RW	0.50 ± 0.13^c	0.42 ± 0.05^c	0.81 ± 0.15^b	0.53 ± 0.52^c	0.50 ± 0.13^c	1.71 ± 0.81^ab
IC-Ss	61.5 ± 8.44^bc	83.5 ± 2.91^ab	68.1 ± 10.5^ab	63.1 ± 6.95^bc	32.7 ± 8.63^cd	34.5 ± 10.9^cd
IC-RW	85.7 ± 10.5^abcd	98.6 ± 9.94^a	59.2 ± 12.1^bc	89.1 ± 6.79^ab	20.8 ± 2.07^e	26.5 ± 9.58^cde
ET-Ss	88.87 ± 4.5^bc	96.41 ± 14.0^a	49.20 ± 7.10^c	79.01 ± 14.9^bc	59.88 ± 6.58^bc	48.71 ± 14.4^c
ET-RW	61.50 ± 7.24^bc	63.86 ± 5.58^bc	65.13 ± 14.7^bc	119.37 ± 24.2^a	62.38 ± 14^bc	53.58 ± 3.61^c

IR = inherent resistance, IX_C = inherent capacitive reactance, IXL = inherent inductive reactance, IZ = inherent impedance, IC = inherent capacitance, ET = effective thickness, values indicate the mean ± SE, n = 8. The small letter indicates significant difference at (p < 0.05) using Duncan’s multiple range tests.

Table 3. The water utilization parameters of A. corniculatum in salt stress and rewatering phase

Salt concentrations	Low (NaCl)	Low (SNP + NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (SNP + NaCl)	High/high-medium (NaCl)	High/high-medium (SNP +NaCl)
IWHC-Ss	440.8 ± 43.6 ^cd	667.1 ± 102.4^b	480.7 ± 56.9 ^cd	520.3 ± 84.2^bc	131.1 ± 11.6^e	276.7 ± 15.6^de
IWHC-RW	544.7 ± 92.3^bc	1112 ± 45.2^a	402.7 ± 71.2 ^cd	495.4 ± 46.8^bc	147.4 ± 41.5^e	384.3 ± 102 ^cd
IWUE-Ss	0.16 ± 0.02^bc	0.07 ± 0.01^c	0.12 ± 0.18^c	0.12 ± 0.17^c	0.21 ± 0.03^bc	0.10 ± 0.01^c
IWUE-RW	0.15 ± 0.63^bc	0.05 ± 0.01^c	0.34 ± 0.09^a	0.08 ± 0.01^c	0.31 ± 0.09^ab	0.16 ± 0.03^bc
IWHT-Ss	51.1 ± 3.54^a	48.1 ± 1.13^b	51.6 ± 0.10^a	50.1 ± 0.53^a	52.8 ± 0.07^a	50.9 ± 0.79^a
IWHT-RW	42.5 ± 1.71^c	47.6 ± 1.85^ab	51.1 ± 0.22^a	45.1 ± 1.79^ab	49.6 ± 2.83^ab	52.4 ± 0.09^a

IWHC = Intracellular water holding capacity, IWUE = water-use efficiency, and IWHT = water-holding time of A. corniculatum species, values indicate the mean ± SE, n = 8. The small letter indicates significant difference at (p < 0.05) using Duncan’s multiple range tests.

Table 4. The water utilization parameters of K. obovate species in salt stress and rewatering phase

Salt concentrations	Low (NaCl)	Low (SNP + NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (SNP + NaCl)	High/high-medium (NaCl)	High/high-medium (SNP +NaCl)
IWHC-Ss	1336.4 ± 67.2^bc	1618.4 ± 40.2^b	821.5 ± 54.3^cd	1452.5 ± 82.7^bc	411.2 ± 85.4^d	413.7 ± 223.1^d
IWHC-RW	1253.5 ± 114^bc	1663.6 ± 133^b	996.2 ± 407^bc	1870.1 ± 151^a	868.3 ± 386 ^cd	326.7 ± 157^d
IWUE-Ss	0.21 ± 0.05^b	0.12 ± 0.02^b	0.09 ± 0.01^b	0.17 ± 0.06^b	0.31 ± 0.06^ab	0.32 ± 0.15^ab
IWUE-RW	0.08 ± 0.01^b	0.06 ± 0.01^b	0.14 ± 0.02^b	0.15 ± 0.02^b	0.16 ± 0.07^b	0.72 ± 0.43^a
IWHT-Ss	49.8 ± 0.94^ab	37.8 ± 5.08 ^cd	39.4 ± 2.16 ^cd	33.6 ± 5.33^de	24.5 ± 0.23^e	39.1 ± 0.55^de
IWHT-RW	40.4 ± 5.50 ^cd	40.5 ± 3.15 ^cd	44.6 ± 1.04^abc	47.1 ± 1.35^abc	26.5 ± 2.54^e	30.6 ± 0.55^de

IWHC = Intracellular water holding capacity, IWUE = water-use efficiency, and IWHT = water-holding time of K. obovate species, values indicate the mean ± SE, n = 8. The small letter indicates significant difference at (p < 0.05) using Duncan’s multiple range tests.

Table 5. Salt transport parameters of A. corniculatum species in salt stress and rewatering phase

Salt concentrations	Low (NaCl)	Low (SNP + NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (SNP + NaCl)	High/high-medium (NaCl)	High/high-medium (SNP +NaCl)
USF-Ss	3.51 ± 0.79^c	3.02 ± 0.24^c	4.81 ± 0.15^c	3.75 ± 0.26^c	10.2 ± 1.19^a	4.65 ± 0.68^c
USF-RW	2.01 ± 0.67^c	3.03 ± 0.61^c	4.21 ± 0.16^c	2.41 ± 0.25^c	12.2 ± 4.89^a	6.42 ± 0.86^bc
STR-Ss	3.69 ± 0.08^cdef	7.66 ± 0.82^b	4.56 ± 0.48^cde	5.82 ± 0.98^bcd	1.16 ± 0.16 ^f	2.94 ± 0.46^def
STR-RW	6.16 ± 1.84^bc	12.20 ± 1.49^a	3.49 ± 0.64^cde	6.14 ± 0.32^bc	1.86 ± 0.51^ef	3.45 ± 1.11^def
STC-Ss	13.1 ± 3.08^b	23.3 ± 3.78^b	21.8 ± 1.62^b	21.3 ± 2.02^b	11.5 ± 0.45^b	13.1 ± 0.14^b
STC-RW	12.1 ± 3.27^b	35.9 ± 4.97^a	14.7 ± 3.01^b	14.6 ± 0.95^b	17.7 ± 1.32^b	22.6 ± 8.32^b

USF = Salt flux per unit area, STR = salt transfer rate and STC = salt transport capacity in A. corniculatum, values indicate the mean ± SE, n = 8. The small letter indicates significant difference at (p < 0.05) using Duncan’s multiple range tests.

Table 6. Salt transport parameters of K. obovate species in salt stress and rewatering phase

Salt concentrations	Low (NaCl)	Low (SNP + NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (SNP + NaCl)	High/high-medium (NaCl)	High/high-medium (SNP +NaCl)
USF-Ss	3.58 ± 0.55^b	1.79 ± 0.47^c	1.76 ± 0.16^bc	1.41 ± 0.29^c	3.56 ± 0.17^b	6.31 ± 1.86^a
USF-RW	2.15 ± 0.66^bc	1.91 ± 0.34^bc	2.10 ± 0.09^bc	2.74 ± 0.26^bc	1.02 ± 0.12^c	1.25 ± 0.59^c
STR-Ss	17.8 ± 2.06^ab	20.8 ± 2.72^ab	14.5 ± 3.09^bc	15.1 ± 1.33^bc	4.45 ± 1.65^c	4.22 ± 1.81^c
STR-RW	21.7 ± 6.71^ab	24.8 ± 4.50^a	10.6 ± 3.55^bc	18.1 ± 2.55^abc	5.03 ± 2.98^c	4.96 ± 2.41^c
STC-Ss	33.3 ± 3.74^abc	35.2 ± 5.88^abc	25.6 ± 6.43^bcd	21.1 ± 4.05^cde	15.5 ± 4.46^de	21.1 ± 6.71^cde
STC-RW	38.7 ± 2.27^ab	45.2 ± 5.93^a	22.8 ± 6.5^bcde	48.4 ± 2.80^a	18.5 ± 6.26^de	5.96 ± 2.83^e

USF = Salt flux per unit area, STR = salt transfer rate and STC = salt transport capacity in K. obovate species, values indicate the mean ± SE, n = 8. The small letter indicates significant difference at (p < 0.05) using Duncan’s multiple range tests.

Figure 5. Effect of salt stress and rewatering on water potential (Ψ): (a, c) A. corniculatum and (b, d) K. obovate. The value n = 12 and small letter indicates significant difference at (p < .05) using Duncan’s multiple range tests.

Figure 6. Effect of salt stress and rewatering on (a) net photosynthetic, (b) stomatal conductance, and (c) intercellular CO₂ (Tr) transpiration of A. corniculatum. The value n = 12 and small letter indicates significant difference at (p < .05) using Duncan’s multiple range tests.

Figure 7. Effect of salt stress and rewatering on (a) net photosynthetic, (b) stomatal conductance, and (c) intercellular CO₂ (Tr) transpiration of K. obovate. The value of n = 12 and small letter indicates significant difference at (p < .05) using Duncan’s multiple range tests.

Table 7. Correlation between electrophysiological, water utilization, salt transport, and photosynthesis parameters of A. corniculatum species in salt stress and rewatering phase

Salt Stress phase
Parameters	IXC	IXL	IZ	IC	ET	IWHC		STC		IWUE			IWHT		USF		STR		PN		gs		Ci		Tr		Wp
IR	0.97**	0.95**	0.97**	−0.93**	−0.84*	−0.95**		−0.71		0.73			−0.66		0.96**		−0.89*		−0.87*		−0.94**		−0.81		−0.84*		−0.78
IXC	.	0.97**	1.00**	−0.93**	−0.81	−0.93**		−0.77		0.75			−0.62		0.96**		−0.88*		−0.76		−0.86*		−0.80		−0.70		−0.73
IXL			0.97**	−0.84*	−0.75	−0.83*		−0.61		0.63			−0.76		0.99**		−0.76		−0.71		−0.80		−0.65		−0.69		−0.70
IZ				−0.94**	−0.81	−0.93**		−0.77		0.75			−0.62		0.96**		−0.88*		−0.76		−0.86*		−0.80		−0.70		−0.74
IC					0.78	0.99**		0.89*		−0.82*			0.38		−0.85*		0.99**		0.83*		0.90*		0.96**		0.73		0.79
ET						0.82*		0.71		−0.80			0.45		−0.73		0.73		0.63		0.80		0.65		0.65		0.43
IWHC								0.86*		−0.86*			0.46		−0.84*		0.97**		0.89*		0.96**		0.93**		0.81*		0.74
STC										−0.90*			0.05		−0.57		0.89*		0.58		0.71		0.90*		0.44		0.51
IWUE													−0.31		0.58		−0.79		0.66		−0.81		−0.76		−0.60		−0.31
IWHT															−0.76		0.26		0.56		0.59		0.15		0.67		0.34
USF																	−0.79		−0.77		−0.83*		−0.68		−0.75		−0.78
STR																			0.84*		0.88*		0.99**		0.72		0.82*
PN																					0.96**		0.81		0.97**		0.77
gs																							0.83*		0.94**		0.69
Ci																									0.67		0.80
Tr																											0.67
Rewatering phase
IR	0.91*	0.88*	0.95**	−0.76	−0.18		−0.74		−0.10		0.51	−0.87*		0.95**		−0.76		−0.86*		−0.92*		0.19		−0.98**		−0.73
IXC		0.91*	0.99**	−0.90*	−0.14		−0.89*		−0.43		0.24	−0.73		0.90*		−0.88*		−0.94**		−0.95**		0.43		−0.90*		−0.87*
IXL			0.92**	−0.66	−0.32		−0.66		−0.12		0.09	−0.81		0.98**		−0.62		−0.77		−0.91*		0.09		−0.82*		−0.60
IZ				−0.87*	−0.11		−0.85*		−0.34		0.29	−0.77		0.93**		−0.86*		−0.93**		−0.94**		0.35		−0.93**		−0.84*
IC					0.02		0.99**		0.71		−0.36	0.49		−0.65		1.00**		0.96**		0.81		−0.76		0.82*		0.99**
ET							0.10		−0.09		−0.21	0.44		−0.28		−0.03		0.06		0.35		−0.02		0.21		−0.14
IWHC									0.74		−0.33	0.45		−0.64		0.99**		0.97**		0.79		−0.78		0.80		0.96**
STC											0.07	−0.16		−0.01		0.70		0.56		0.29		−0.95**		0.20		0.71
IWUE												−0.49		0.26		−0.41		−0.35		−0.36		0.24		−0.61		−0.34
IWHT														−0.87*		0.46		0.55		0.89*		0.06		0.82*		0.44
USF																−0.63		−0.78		−0.91*		0.03		−0.89*		−0.60
STR																		0.97**		0.77		−0.76		0.83*		0.98**
PN																				0.83*		−0.61		0.89*		0.93**
Gs																						−0.34		0.90*		0.76
Ci																								−0.33		−0.74
Tr																										0.78

** correlation is significant at the 0.01 level, * correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Table 8. Correlation between electrophysiological, water utilization, salt transport, and photosynthesis parameters of K. obovate species in salt stress and rewatering phase

Salt Stress phase
Parameters	IXC	IXL	IZ	IC	ET	IWHC	STC	IWUE	IWHT	USF	STR	PN	gs	Ci	Tr	Wp
IR	0.81*	0.78	0.86*	−0.88*	−0.39	−0.75	−0.95**	0.90*	−0.32	0.77	−0.92*	−0.67	−0.81*	−0.87*	−0.57	−0.90*
IXC		0.97**	0.99**	−0.95**	−0.66	−0.87*	−0.77	0.92**	−0.35	0.57	−0.78	−0.79	−0.90*	−0.75	−0.78	−0.69
IXL			0.98**	−0.87*	−0.57	−0.79	−0.78	0.90*	−0.13	0.39	−0.71	−0.64	−0.77	−0.70	−0.62	−0.62
IZ				−0.93**	−0.61	−0.86*	−0.83*	0.93**	−0.26	0.56	−0.80	−0.73	−0.86*	−0.78	−0.71	−0.71
IC					0.65	0.87*	0.85*	−0.93**	0.41	−0.71	0.91*	0.89*	0.96**	0.88*	0.83*	0.86*
ET						0.89*	0.31	−0.36	0.31	−0.49	0.63	0.85*	0.77	0.62	0.88*	0.31
IWHC							0.65	−0.69	0.41	−0.73	0.85*	0.90*	0.93**	0.82*	0.89*	0.61
STC								−0.90*	0.05	−0.57	0.89*	0.59	0.71	0.90*	0.44	0.94**
IWUE									−0.31	0.58	−0.79	−0.66	−0.81	−0.76	−0.60	−0.84*
IWHT										−0.76	0.29	0.57	0.59	0.15	0.67	0.25
USF											−0.79	−0.77	−0.82*	−0.68	−0.75	−0.69
STR												0.85*	0.89*	0.99**	0.72	0.91*
PN													0.97**	0.82*	0.97**	0.70
gs														0.84*	0.94**	0.76
Ci															0.67	0.91*
Tr																0.53
Rewatering phase
IR	0.92**	0.94**	0.98**	−0.45	−0.22	−0.68	−0.07	0.94**	−0.20	−0.01	−0.37	−0.40	−0.31	−0.42	−0.27	−0.08
IXC		0.99**	0.98**	−0.69	−0.42	−0.84*	0.08	0.99**	−0.55	0.32	−0.45	−0.50	−0.60	−0.65	−0.52	−0.08
IXL			0.97**	−0.61	−0.37	−0.79	0.08	0.99**	−0.51	0.24	−0.38	−0.42	−0.54	−0.58	−0.44	0.03
IZ				−0.58	−0.35	−0.79	0.03	0.97**	−0.37	0.16	−0.41	−0.46	−0.46	−0.55	−0.39	−0.12
IC					0.45	0.87*	0.18	−0.63	0.82*	−0.87*	0.83*	0.88*	0.97**	0.99**	0.96**	0.53
ET						0.71	−0.28	−0.29	0.61	−0.36	0.13	0.14	0.43	0.35	0.26	−0.03
IWHC							0.12	−0.76	0.73	−0.58	0.68	0.71	0.79	0.82*	0.71	0.35
STC								0.07	−0.16	−0.01	0.70	0.57	0.11	0.24	0.25	0.54
IWUE									−0.49	0.26	−0.41	−0.46	−0.55	−0.60	−0.48	−0.02
IWHT										−0.87*	0.46	0.51	0.91*	0.80	0.80	0.03
USF											−0.63	−0.70	−0.94**	−0.89*	−0.93**	−0.43
STR												0.98**	0.75	0.86*	0.84*	0.76
PN													0.81	0.91*	0.89*	0.79
gs														0.97**	0.97**	0.39
Ci															0.98**	0.56
Tr																0.55

** correlation is significant at the 0.01 level, * correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Table 9. Salt outflow capacity (C1), salt dilution capacity (C2), and salt ultrafiltration capacity (C3) of A. corniculatum in salt-stress and rewatering phase

Different salt capacities	Low (NaCl)	Low (SNP + NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (SNP + NaCl)	High/high-medium (NaCl)	High/high-medium (SNP +NaCl)
C1-Ss	0.50	0.88	0.46	0.64	0.04	0.31
C1-RW	0.52	0.79	0.22	0.49	0.07	0.18
C2-Ss	0.41	0.62	0.40	0.46	0.18	0.37
C2-RW	0.44	0.69	0.35	0.49	0.26	0.38
C3-Ss	0.34	0.66	0.50	0.60	0.05	0.20
C3-RW	0.31	0.71	0.40	0.30	0.14	0.29
T-Ss	0.42	0.72	0.45	0.57	0.09	0.30
T-RW	0.42	0.73	0.32	0.43	0.16	0.28

Table 10. Salt outflow capacity (C1), salt dilution capacity (C2), and salt ultrafiltration capacity (C3) of K. obovate species in salt stress and rewatering phase

Different salt capacities	Low (NaCl)	Low (SNP + NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (NaCl)	Medium/medium-low (SNP + NaCl)	High/high-medium (NaCl)	High/high-medium (SNP +NaCl)
C1-Ss	0.38	0.80	0.60	0.65	0.18	0.14
C1-RW	0.50	0.63	0.32	0.46	0.50	0.15
C2-Ss	0.44	0.58	0.58	0.50	0.34	0.35
C2-RW	0.53	0.58	0.39	0.44	0.46	0.27
C3-Ss	0.63	0.84	0.51	0.53	0.25	0.25
C3-RW	0.55	0.65	0.35	0.74	0.33	0.11
T-Ss	0.48	0.74	0.56	0.56	0.26	0.25
T-RW	0.53	0.62	0.36	0.54	0.43	0.17

Figure 8. Hypothetical model of mangrove species in different salt level with influences of SNP and rewatering: (a) A. corniculatum and (b) K. obovate species.