Identification of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor gene polymorphisms modulating hyperprolactinaemia in antipsychotic drug-treated patients with schizophrenia

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the studied patients.

Trait	Total sample	Men	Women	Test statistic values*
N	446	221	225	–
Age (years)
Mean ± SD	41.5 ± 13.4	37.8 ± 11.9	45.2 ± 13.9	W = 32162, P = 2.6 × 10^8
Median (IQR)	40 (31.75; 53)	36 (29; 45)	44 (34; 56)
Hyperprolactinaemia (+/–)	227/219	98/123	129/96	χ^2 = 7.0162; df =1; P = .0004
Duration of the disease (years)
Mean ± SD	15.4 ± 11.5	13.1 ± 10.0	17.6 ± 12.5	W = 29340; P = .0002
Median (IQR)	13 (6; 22)	11 (5; 18)	15 (7; 26)
Smoking (+/–/?)	259/179/8	173/46/2	86/133/6	χ^2 = 69.874; df =1; P = 2.2 × 10^16
CPZeq, median (IQR)	400 (225; 750)	500 (280; 750)	320 (200; 750)	W = 19858; P = .0002

* MWT for qualitative traits or χ² test for categorical traits comparison between men and women. IQR, Interquartile range.

Figure 1. The –log10 P values for log-additive models of the association between polymorphisms in serotonin receptor genes and hyperprolactinaemia in patients with schizophrenia. For the rs6314 polymorphism, the log-additive model could not be calculated due to the messiness of homozygotes for the rare allele.

Table 2. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the association between HPRL and X-chromosome markers applying the log-additive model in users of both first- and second-generation antipsychotics (FGA & SGA) compared to patients only using classical antipsychotics.

	All patients		Men		Women
SNP	FGA + SGA (N = 446)	Only FGA (N = 191)	FGA + SGA (N = 221)	Only FGA (N = 91)	FGA + SGA (N = 225)	Only FGA (N = 100)
rs3813929	1.62 (1.15; 2.28)	1.60 (0.96; 2.67)	2.17 (0.92; 5.07)	2.19 (0.6; 8.05)	1.94 (1.06; 3.56)	1.79 (0.73; 4.43)
rs569956	1.70 (1.29; 2.25)	1.59 (1.04; 2,42)	2.68 (1.37; 5.24)	1.91 (0.68; 5.39)	1.81 (1.08; 3.03)	1.90 (0.85; 4.24)
rs17326429	1,67 (1.19; 2.36)	1.72 (1.03; 2.86)	2.34 (1.01; 5.46)	2.72 (0.75; 9.84)	1.98 (1.08; 3.64)	1.79 (0.73; 4.43)
rs6318	1.51 (1.03; 2.22)	1.57 (0.84; 2.92)	2.62 (1.06; 6.51)	2.44 (0.48; 12.5)	1.25 (0.60; 2.61)	1.74 (0.54; 5.59)
rs4911871	1.51 (1.13; 2.03)	1.59 (1.04; 2.43)	1.99 (0.99; 4.02)	2.6 (0.95; 7.14)	1.68 (0.96; 2.92)	1.41 (0.63; 3.17)
rs5946189	1.55 (1.05; 2.27)	1.65 (0.88; 3.09)	2.72 (1.09; 6.78)	2.97 (0.56; 15.71)	1.28 (0.61; 2.68)	1.68 (056; 5.07)

Table 3. Analysis of the association between HPRL and X-chromosome haplotypes in the total sample.

Haplotype*	Frequency	Model	RR	Robust standard error of RR	P value
CAGGAT  (reference)	0.6482	Additive	0.8782	0.2539	.6093
		Dominant	0.7949	0.2599	.3776
CAGGGT	0.0692	Additive	1.3097	0.2387	.2591
		Dominant	1.6703	0.3564	.1507
CGGCAC	0.1042	Additive	1.5150	0.2020	.0403
		Dominant	2.0258	0.3105	.0235
TGAGGT	0.1518	Additive	1.6617	0.1903	.0079
		Dominant	2.3108	0.2640	.0016
Rare  (frequency <0.02)	0.0266	Additive	1.9754	0.4268	.1114
		Dominant	2.3202	0.4970	.0911

* For polymorphisms rs3813929, rs569959, rs17326429, rs6318, rs4911871 and rs5946189. RR, Relative risk.