Fabrication and morphological characterizations of immobilized silver-loaded titanium dioxide nanoparticles/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition of PVA solution and AT/PVA mixtures.

	Weight (g)			Concentration (wt.%)
Samples	PVA solution	AT suspension	Distilled water	PVA	AT	AT/PVA ratio (%)
PVA	20.05	–	10.13	3.32	–	–
N1	20.11	1.02	9.04	3.33	0.0132	0.4
N2	20.07	2.04	8.09	3.25	0.0272	0.8
N3	20.06	3.02	7.03	3.33	0.04	1.2
N4	20.04	4.05	6.01	3.32	0.054	1.6
N5	20.05	5.06	5.01	6.32	0.066	2.0

Figure 1 Transmission electron micrograph showing a titanium dioxide NPs (gray structure) together with numerous supported silver NPs (dark spots).

Scheme 1 Preparation of AT/PVA nanocomposite.

Figure 2 FT-IR spectra of PVA matrix (a), AT/PVA nanocomposite (N₂) (b), AT/PVA nanocomposite (N₃) (c), AT/PVA nanocomposite (N₄), and (d), AT/PVA nanocomposite (N₅) (d).

Figure 3 The two-dimensional AFM topography images of N₃.

Figure 4 The three-dimensional AFM topography images of N₃.

Figure 5 Selected zones from two-dimensional AFM image (a) and the height profiles related to measuring length (b).

Table 2. Roughness parameters for AT/PVA nanocomposites.

Roughness parameters	Values (nm)
Root mean square roughness (Rq)	5
Maximum height of the roughness (Rt)	21
Maximum roughness valley depth (Rv)	2
Maximum roughness peak height (Rp)	11
Average maximum height of the roughness (Rtm)	12
Average maximum roughness valley depth (Rvm)	5
Average maximum roughness peak height (Rpm)	7
Average third highest peak to third lowest valley height (R3z)	12

Figure 6 Fractal analysis of N₃ nanocomposite by AFM.

Figure 7 FE-SEM micrographs of AT nanostructures (a, b) and PVA matrix (c, d).

Figure 8 FE-SEM micrographs of AT/PVA nanocomposites N₃ (a, b), N₄ (c, d), and N₅ (e, f).

Figure 9 UV absorption spectra of the PVA and AT/PVA nanocomposite films.

Figure 10 Contact angles of water droplets on the (a) PVA, (b) N₂ nanocomposite, (c) N₃ nanocomposite, and (d) N₅ nanocomposite.