Synthesis of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene oligomer and application as an effective dispersant in pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate

Figures & data

Figure 1. Synthesis route of trimeric nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (TNP10).

Table 1. Surface properties of NP10 and TNP10.

	γCMC (mN/m)	cmc (mol/L)	ΓCMC (mol/cm^2)	ACMC (nm^2 per molecule)	∆G^θmic (kJ/mol)	∆G^θad (kJ/mol)
NP10	31.33	7.8 × 10^−5	2.65 × 10^−6	0.6268	−23.45	−38.80
TNP10	30.63	3.3 × 10^−5	2.0 × 10^−6	0.8352	−25.58	−46.39

Figure 2. Evaluation of the CMC values of NP10 and TNP10 by means of Wilhelmy plate method.

Figure 3. Impacts of NP10 and TNP10 on zeta potential of pyraclostrobin SC before (a) and after (b) thermal storage, respectively.

Figure 4. Effect of dispersant amount on the viscosity of pyraclostrobin SC before (a) and after (b) thermal storage, respectively.

Figure 5. Particle size distributions (a) and FESEM images (b and c) of pyraclostrobin SC prepared by 6 wt.% TNP10 before and after thermal storage, respectively.

Figure 6. Rheological properties (a) and three-stage shearing curve (b) of pyraclostrobin SC prepared by 6 wt.% TNP10 before and after thermal storage, respectively.

Table 2. Rheological analysis of three-stage shearing of 25 wt.% pyraclostrobin SC made by TNP10.

Sample	Structure recovery ratio (%)
	5 s	7 s	10 s	15 s
Before thermal storage	80.99	82.98	84.63	86.32
After thermal storage	71.70	78.12	80.3	81.22

Figure 7. Conformations of (a) NP10 and (b) TNP10 as well as (c) Dispersing and stabilizing mechanism of TNP10 dispersants in pyraclostrobin SC system.