Preparation and physicochemical studies on polymeric nanocomposites containing copper oxide nanoparticles

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition of CMC/PVP/CuO NPs nanocomposite samples.

Sample	CMC Wt%	PVP Wt%	CuO ml	NC1	NC2	NC3	NC4	NC5	NC6
CMC	100	-	-	50	50	50	50	50	50
PVP	-	100	-	50	50	50	50	50	50
CuO	-	-	100	-	2	4	8	10	12

Figure 1. XRPD patterns of CMC/PVP blend (NC1) and its CuO NPs nanocomposites (NC2-NC6).

Table 2. The intensity (I) and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the samples.

Sample	NC1	NC2	NC3	NC4	NC5	NC6
I	652	868	887	731	792	872
FWHM	18	20	20	19	22	24

Figure 2. TEM image of CuO NPs prepared by laser ablation.

Table 3. Summary of TEM image analysis by ImageJ software.

Sample	Count	Total Area	Average Size	% Area	Mean
Z1	121	23376.879	193.197	48.383	245.457

Table 4. Surface roughness parameters of NC1, NC2, NC4, NC6 and its parent polymers.

Sample	CuO (ml)	Ra (nm)	Rq (nm)	Rt (nm)	Rv (nm)	Rp (nm)	Rtm (nm)
PVP	0	3.05629	3.81637	22.4715	11.2342	11.2373	16.2099
CMC	0	3.50983	4.82494	48.5574	19.7319	28.8254	23.6655
NC1	0	3.03238	3.78981	25.1440	9.93806	15.2060	18.2789
NC2	2	3.17854	4.13874	30.4637	14.9339	15.5297	19.9968
NC4	8	8.34343	14.8350	188.104	70.0965	118.008	56.4624
NC6	12	10.5764	19.8691	290.094	187.413	102.681	86.0970

Figure 3. SEM images of selected nanocomposites CMC, PVP, NC1, NC2 and NC4.

Figure 4. FTIR Spectra of (a) PVP, (b) CMC, and (c) CMC/PVP blend (NC1).

Figure 5. FTIR spectra of CMC/PVP blend (NC1) and its CuO NPs nanocomposites (NC2-NC6).

Figure 6. UV/Vis absorption spectra and Tauc Plot of CMC/PVP blend (NC1) and CMC/PVP/CuO NPs nanocomposites (NC2-NC6).

Table 5. The Wavelength (λ_edge) and indirect optical energy gap (E_opt1/2) and direct optical energy gap (E_opt2) for CMC/PVP blend and CMC/PVP/CuO NPs nanocomposites.

Sample	NC1	NC2	NC3	NC4	NC5	NC6
λedge	296.28	236.48	242.25	243.80	245.37	240.65
EIndirect (Eopt^1/2)	3.89	5.08	4.91	4.88	4.85	4.94
EDirect (Eopt^2)	4.38	5.40	5.25	5.24	5.23	5.29

Figure 7. HUMO-LUMO calculations of the optimized 2D and 3D structural units in NC1 after H-bonding.

Table 6. Inhibition zone diameter of the investigated nanocomposites against E. Coli and S. aureus.

Sample	E. coli (mg/ml)		S. aureus (mg/ml)
	Inhibition Zone Diameter (mm)	% Activity index	Inhibition Zone Diameter (mm)	% Activity index
NC1	NA	-	NA	-
NC2	7	26.9	6	25.0
NC3	4	15.4	10	41.7
NC4	11	42.3	12	50.0
NC5	14	53.8	14	58.3
NC6	12	46.2	16	66.7
CuO NPs	10	38.5	17	70.8
Amoxycillin	26	100	24	100