Figures & data
Figure 1. Dynamic system properties in terms of their relationship to the temporality (with the y-axis representing increasing time-scales) and provenance (exogenous or endogenous) of drivers and pressures which act upon a SES (adapted from Stirling Citation2007).
Figure 2. Littoral forests surrounding Fort Dauphin, South East Madagascar.
Figure 3. (a) Seasonal and inter-annual variability in island-wide mean maximum monthly AVHRR NDVI values from 1982 – 1998, and (b) October-only AVHRR NDVI values within the evergreen forest mask plotted against the JMA El Niño Index.
Figure 4. Littoral forest loss (Ha) between 1984 and 2007 determined from comparing consecutive Landsat images and using baseline littoral forest coverage from the 1984 image.
Figure 5. Factors influencing the Mandena littoral forest SES.
