Participatory game prototyping – balancing domain content and playability in a serious game design for the energy transition

Figures & data

Table 1. The design, play, experience (DPE) framework. Redrawn by the authors from Winn (2009).

Table 2. Overview of each stakeholder group’s contribution at each layer of the DPE framework.

	Game designers	Researchers	Policy makers	Citizen initiatives
Learning	- Formal knowledge: quiz questions	- Interrelation of projects - Externalities	- Multiple choice quiz questions	- Community perspective of renewable energy projects
Storytelling		- Positive multiplier effects - Negative multiplier effects - KW points	- Additional projects - Resources scarcity	- Community points - Hidden effects - Territorial scarcity - Project clustering
Gameplay	- Core mechanics - Movement constraints - Project conditions diversity	- Project conditions diversity		- Three winning conditions
User experience	- Game board resizing	- Points tracking sheet - Tiles blocking parts of the board	- Point tracking sheet	- Re-design project cards - Joker Cards

Figure 1. Three stages of development of the game prototype. From left to right: prototype developed with the game designers group and tested with researchers, prototype developed with the policymakers group and tested with the members of energy initiatives group, final game prototype.

Winn, B. M. 2009. “The Design, Play, and Experience Framework.” In Handbook of Research on Effective Electronic Gaming in Education, edited by R. E. Ferdig, 1010–1024. Hershey, New York: Information Science Reference.

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