Understanding integration within the Dutch multi-layer safety approach to flood risk management

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematization of the layers of the multi-layer safety approach (Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, 2009). From bottom to top: Layer 1 (preventive-structural measures) aims at avoiding waterlogging through structural measures (e.g. dikes and barriers); Layer 2 (resilient spatial planning) contributes to reducing the negative effects of flooding through the physical spatial structure, (e.g. elevated buildings); Layer 3 (disaster management) aims at helping the society in case of a disaster occurs with evacuation measures (e.g. disaster plans and risk maps).

Table 1. The proposed dimensions of integration for the multi-layer safety approach (adapted from Ran & Nedovic-Budic, 2016).

Policy integration	Territorial integration
Combining policy regulations of different layers	Vertical Integration (cross-boundary working amongst spatial scales)
Combining policy goals of different layers	Horizontal Integration (cross-boundary working amongst different jurisdictions)

Table 2. Policy integration among layers of the multi-layer safety approach.

	Layer 1				Layer 2		Layer 3
Stakeholders → ↓ Roles and Activities	Ministry of infrastructure and water management	Rijkswaterstaat	Water board Drents Overijsselse Delta	Water board Vallei en Veluwe	Province of Overijssel	Municipality of Zwolle	Safety board Overijssel
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Integrating role and activity among layers
	Main role and activity
	Secondary role and activity
	No role and activity

Table 3. Territorial integration between stakeholders of the multi-layer safety approach, both within and between the different layers.

		Layer 3	Layer 2		Layer 1
	Stakeholders → ↓	Safety board of Overijssel	Municipality of Zwolle	Province of Overijssel	Water board Vallei en Veluwe	Water board Drents Overijsselse Delta	Rijkswaterstaat
Layer 1	Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management					vertical	horizontal
	Rijkswaterstaat		vertical	vertical		vertical
	Water board Drents Overijsselse Delta		vertical	horizontal
	Water board Vallei en Veluwe
Layer 2	Province of Overijssel		vertical
	Municipality of Zwolle
horizontal	Horizontal integration
vertical	Vertical integration
	No territorial integration

Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management. (2009). Beleidsnota waterveiligheid.

 Google Scholar

Ran, J., & Nedovic-Budic, Z. (2016). Integrating spatial planning and flood risk management: A new conceptual framework for the spatially integrated policy infrastructure. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 57, 68–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.01.008

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar