https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0047-9715
Figures & data
Figure 1. Stages and phases considered in the system boundaries
Table 1. Environmental indicators of different phases in the construction stage (1 m of WDN, design pressure = 10 bar)
Figure 2. Environmental impacts for 1 m of WDN construction (design pressure of 10 bar)
Figure 3. Contribution of each process in terms of the GWP indicator for construction of 1 m of WDN (impacts > 4% of total effects) with: (a) HDPE 200 mm, (b) DI 200 mm
Figure 4. Environmental impacts for 1 m of WDN renovation (design pressure of 10 bar)
Figure 5. Monte Carlo simulations for comparing the environmental impacts of the construction and renovation stages
Figure 6. Influence of the life spans of different pipe materials on environmental impacts
Figure 7. Probability distribution of case studies associated with GWP, CED, and Eco-indicator
