Chronic opioid use in patients with sickle cell disease

Figures & data

Figure 1. Life-time cumulative risks for chronic opioid use among sickle cell patients.

Table 1. Comparison of characteristics of patients.

Parameter	Chronic opioid users (n = 101)	Non-chronic opioid users (n = 309)	p value
Gender
Female	62	84	<0.0001
Male	39	225
Age (year)
Median	43	40	NS
Range	24–74	18–88
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
Median	8.5	8.9	0.054
Range	4.8–12.4	5.2–15.4
Total white cell count (×10^9/L)
Median	10	9	0.001
Range	4–28.7	3.2–22.9
Phenotype
HbSC	17	85	0.034
Non-HbSC	84	224
Prescribed hydroxyurea	48	79	0.000047
Chronic renal disease	17	42	NS
Pulmonary hypertension	5	4	NS
Retinopathy	16	73	NS
Chronic arthritis	20	38	0.06
Chronic liver disease	5	6	NS
Chronic leg ulcer	12	35	NS
History of stroke	10	24	NS
Psychiatric illness	21	34	0.018
Use of hypnotics	5	6	NS