Haematological profile of COVID-19 patients from a centre in Singapore

Figures & data

Table 1. Differences in clinical profile of patients with or without pneumonia.

Parameter	Overall (n = 554)	Pneumonia (n = 57)	No Pneumonia (n = 497)	p-value
Age (years)	37 (±12)	49 (±13)	36 (±11)	<0.001
Gender (Male)	477 (86.9%)	41 (71.9%)	437 (88.6%)	<0.001
Past Medical History
Hypertension	53 (12.3%)	15 (32.6%)	38 (9.8%)	<0.001
Hyperlipidaemia	34 (8.1%)	15 (33.3%)	19 (5.0%)	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus	21 (5.1%)	7 (16.3%)	14 (3.8%)	<0.001
Asthma	6 (1.5%)	2 (4.9%)	4 (1.1%)	0.055
No previous medical conditions	367 (90.4%)	24 (60.0%)	343 (93.7%)	<0.001
Clinical profile
Asymptomatic illness	66 (11.9%)	4 (7.0%)	62 (12.5%)	0.228
Length of days with fever	1.2 (±2.4)	3.1 (±3.1)	1.0 (±2.2)	<0.001
Oxygen saturation (%)	98 (±3)	96 (±7)	98 (±1)	<0.001
Laboratory Investigations
Total White Cell Count	6.5 (±2.2)	6.5 (±2.9)	6.5 (±2.1)	0.975
Absolute neutrophil count	4.2 (±7.9)	4.5 (±2.7)	4.2 (±8.3)	0.545
Neutrophil percentage	56.3 (±12.9)	66.5 (±11.6)	55.2 (±12.6)	<0.001
Absolute lymphocyte count	1.9 (±2.0)	1.5 (±1.1)	1.9 (±2.1)	0.011
Lymphocyte percentage	28.2 (±11.1)	22.7 (±10.1)	28.9 (±11.1)	<0.001
Absolute eosinophil count	0.61 (±1.7)	0.2 (±0.9)	0.7 (±1.8)	0.002
Eosinophil percentage	2.4 (±3.3)	1.0 (±1.4)	2.5 (±3.4)	0.001
Absolute monocyte count	0.9 (±1.3)	0.6 (±0.3)	0.9 (±1.4)	<0.001
Monocyte percentage	11.9 (±5.6)	9.4 (±3.8)	12.2 (±5.7)	<0.001
Absolute basophil count	0.04 (±0.09)	0.02 (±0.02)	0.04 (±0.09)	0.082
Basophil percentage	0.6 (±1.3)	0.3 (±0.2)	0.6 (±1.3)	<0.001
Haemoglobin (g/dL)	14.9 (±1.6)	14.1 (±1.8)	15.0 (±1.6)	0.002
MCV (fL)	84.9 (±5.8)	86.0 (±4.7)	84.7 (±5.9)	0.108
Haematocrit	45.5 (±23.5)	41.7 (±5.3)	46.0 (±24.7)	0.202
Platelets	228 (±61)	210 (±56)	230 (±61)	0.020
Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio	3.2 (±7.0)	4.3 (± 4.3)	3.0 (±7.2)	0.194
Monocyte/lymphocyte Ratio	3.1 (±4.1)	2.9 (±1.9)	3.1 (±4.3)	0.690
Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio	163.8 (±318.4)	186.4 (±95.9)	161.2 (±334.5)	0.576
Eosinophil/Lymphocyte Ratio	0.37 (±1.12)	0.16 (±0.80)	0.39 (±1.15)	0.138
Creatinine (mmol/L)	79 (±30)	88 (±78)	78 (±18)	0.019
LDH	436 (±423)	644 (±77)	414 (±360)	<0.001
C-reactive protein	14 (±27)	40 (±43)	11 (±23)	<0.001
Ferritin	179 (±216)	353 (±385)	164 (±187)	<0.001
Treatment
Lopinavir/Ritonavir	37 (6.6%)	15 (26.3%)	22 (4.4%)	<0.001
Remdesivir	18 (3.2%)	10 (17.5%)	8 (1.6%)	<0.001
Hydroxychloroquine	3 (0.5%)	3 (5.3%)	0 (0.0%)	<0.001
Clinical Progress and Outcomes
Length of hospital stay (days)	10.2 (±13.3)	10.6 (±7.7)	15.1 (±18.2)	<0.001
Requiring oxygen	16 (2.9%)	8 (14.0%)	8 (1.6%)	<0.001
Persistent fever >72h	40 (7.3%)	16 (29.1%)	24 (4.8%)	<0.001
Required intensive care monitoring	19 (3.4%)	13 (23.2%)	6 (1.2%)	<0.001
Required mechanical ventilation	16 (2.9%)	11 (19.3%)	5 (1.0%)	<0.001
Myocarditis/myocardial injury	3 (0.7%)	3 (7.3%)	0 (0.0%)	<0.001
Death	2 (0.5%)	2 (3.5%)	0 (0.0%)	<0.001

Table 2. Characteristics of patients with Eosinophilia.

Parameter	Eosinophilia (n = 68)	No Eosinophilia (n = 486)	p-value
Age (years)	33.2 (±9.4)	37.4 (±11.9)	0.006
Male gender	62 (91.2%)	416 (86.3%)	0.265
Ethnicity			0.015
Chinese	6 (8.8%)	85 (17.5%)
Malay	2 (2.9%)	32 (6.6%)
Indian	36 (52.9%)	163 (33.5%)
Bangladeshi	20 (29.4%)	155 (31.9%)
Others	4 (5.9%)	51 (10.4%)
Exposure history			0.006
Overseas exposure	3 (4.4%)	26 (5.3%)
Local transmission	3 (4.4%)	97 (20.0%)
Dormitory cases	62 (91.2%)	363 (74.7%)
Laboratory findings
Lymphocyte count (×10^9/L)	1.99 (±0.70)	1.89 (±2.14)	0.696
Eosinophil count (×10^9/L)	4.06 (±3.09)	0.12 (±0.12)	<0.001
Eosinophil/Lymphocyte Ratio	2.48 (±2.25)	0.07 (±0.08)	<0.001
Outcomes
Pneumonia	1 (1.5%)	56 (11.5%)	0.005
Acute kidney injury	2 (2.9%)	43 (8.8%)	0.150
Required mechanical ventilation	0 (0.0%)	16 (3.3%)	0.240