Low dose of homoharringtonine and cytarabine-based priming induction regimens for patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome aged over 70 years

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline patient characteristics.

Characteristics	Patients
Gender, n (%)
Male	14 (58.3%)
Female	10 (41.7%)
Median age, years (range)	75 (70–84)
70–80, n (%)	23 (95.8%)
>80, n (%)	1 (4.2%)
ECOG PS, n (%)
≤2	17 (70.8%)
>2	7 (29.2%)
WBC, × 10^9/L, median(range)	5.5 (0.7–153.2)
Hb, g /L, median(range)	65.5 (44.0–107.0)
PLT, × 10^9/L, median(range)	37.5 (8.0–285.0)
AML, n (%)	19 (79.2%)
MDS, n (%)	5 (20.8%)
CCI, n (%)
≤2	20 (83.3%)
>2	4 (16.7%)
ADL (scale 0–100), n (%)
≤60	10 (41.7%)
>60	14 (58.3%)
BMI (kg/m^2), n (%)
<25	17 (70.8%)
≥25	7 (29.2%)
Cytogenetics, n (%)
Favorable	1 (4.2%)
Intermediate	14 (58.3%)
Unfavorable	6 (25.0%)
No assesses	3 (12.5%)

AML, acute myeloid leukemia; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity index; ADL, activity of daily living; BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell.

Figure 1. Kaplan–Meier curves of survival for AML and MDS patients aged over 70 years. (A) OS for all patients; (B) DFS for patients who achieved CR after treatment. OS, overall survival; DFS, disease-free survival; CI, confidence interval; CR, complete remission; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome.

Figure 2. Kaplan–Meier curves of OS for AML and MDS patients aged over 70 years. (A) CCI subgroup in all patients; (B) WBC subgroup in all patients; (C) OS for patients who achieved CR and those none-CR. OS, overall survival; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity index; WBC, white blood cell; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; CR, complete remission.

Table 2. Univariate analysis for overall survival.

	HR	90% CI	95% CI	p-value
Male	0.98	0.44–2.18	0.38–2.54	.964
Age > 80	3.14	0.53–18.56	0.38–26.09	.290
ECOG PS > 2	1.21	1.51–2.89	0.43–3.42	.718
CCI > 2	3.52	1.18–10.53	0.96–12.99	.044*
ADL ≤ 60	1.06	0.49–2.29	0.42–2.67	.896
BMI ≥ 25	0.58	0.23–1.48	0.19–1.77	.34
WBC (×10^9/L) > 5	2.48	1.09–5.60	0.94–6.55	.068
Hb (g/L) > 60	1.74	0.78–3.88	0.67–4.53	.257
PLT(×10^9/L) > 20	0.96	0.40–2.29	0.34–2.71	.942
None CR	4.28	1.83–10.01	1.55–11.79	.005**

ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity index; ADL, activity of daily living; BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CR, complete remission; *p < .05; **p < .01.

Table 3. Multivariate analysis for overall survival.

	HR	95% CI	p-value
CCI > 2	7.02	1.30–37.86	0.023*
WBC (×10^9/L) ≤ 5	0.85	0.23–3.19	0.814
None CR	5.83	1.59–21.38	0.008**

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity index; WBC, white blood cell; CR, complete remission. *p < .05; **p < .01.