Serum indicators in functional high-risk multiple myeloma patients undertaking proteasome inhibitors therapy: a retrospective study

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characters between patients of FHR and FSR. Data are n (%) unless otherwise stated.

	All patients (n = 216)	FHR (n = 45)	FSR (n = 171)	p
Midian age, years (IQR)	55 (51-60)	58 (51.5-61)	55 (51-60)	0.209
Sex				0.867
Male	108 (50.0)	22 (48.9)	86 (50.3)
Female	108 (50.0)	23 (51.1)	85 (49.7)
Type of MM				0.559
IgG	85 (39.4)	16 (35.6)	69 (40.4)
IgA	42 (19.4)	7 (15.6)	35 (20.5)
IgD	8 (3.7)	1 (2.2)	7 (4.1)
LC	69 (31.9)	19 (42.2)	50 (29.2)
NS	12 (5.6)	2 (4.4)	10 (5.8)
CA (evaluable in 103 pts)				0.466
Absence	38 (36.8)	7 (30.4)	31 (38.8)
Presence	65 (63.1)	16 (69.6)	49 (61.3)
del (17p13) (evaluable in 103 pts)				0.177
Absence	96 (93/2)	20 (87.0)	76 (95.0)
Presence	7 (6.8)	3 (13.0)	4 (5.0)
amp (1q21) (evaluable in 103 pts)				0.218
Absence	65 (63.1)	12 (52.2)	53 (66.3)
Presence	38 (36.9)	11 (47.8)	27 (33.8)
del (13q14) (evaluable in 103 pts)				0.182
Absence	70 (68.0)	13 (56.5)	57 (71.3)
Presence	33 (32.0)	10 (43.5)	23 (28.7)
IgH translocations (evaluable in 103 pts)				0.802
Absence	74 (71.8)	17 (73.9)	57 (71.3)
Presence	29 (28.2)	6 (26.1)	23 (28.7)
ABN (evaluable in 122 pts)				0.11
Absence	97 (79.5)	17 (68.0)	80 (82.5)
Presence	25 (20.5)	8 (32.0)	17 (17.5)
DS stage				0.789
I	28 (13.0)	5 (11.1)	23 (13.5)
II	68 (31.5)	13 (28/9)	55 (32.2)
III	120 (55.6)	27 (60.0)	93 (54.4)
ISS stage				0.297
I	46 (21.3)	6 (13.3)	40 (23.4)
II	67 (31.0)	14 (31.1)	53 (31.0)
III	103 (47.7)	25 (55.6)	78 (45.6)
R-ISS stage (evaluable in 134 pts)				0.564
I	14 (10.4)	2 (6.9)	12 (11.4)
II	83 (61.9)	17 (58.6)	66 (62.9)
III	37 (27.6)	10 (34.5)	27 (25.7)
Therapeutic efficacy				<0.001
CR	84 (38.9)	2 (4.4)	82 (48.0)
PR	45 (20.8)	3 (6.7)	42 (24.6)
SD	49 (22.7)	0 (0.0)	38 (22.2)
PD	38 (17.6)	40 (88.9)	9 (5.3)
Survival				<0.001
Alive	157 (72.7)	7 (15.6)	150 (87.7)
Death	59 (27.3)	38 (84.4)	21 (12.3)

FHR, functional high-risk; FSR, functional standard-risk; IQR, interquartile range; MM, multiple myeloma; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgD, immunoglobulin D; LC, light chain; NS, non-secretory; CA, cytogenetic abnormalities; pts, patients; IgH, immunoglobulin heavy chain gene; ABN, chromosomal abnormality; DS, Durie-Salmon; ISS, International Staging System; R-ISS, revised International Staging System; CR, complete response; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease.

Figure 1. Flow chart of the study.

Table 2. Univariable and multivariate logistic regression analyses for FHR in MM patients.

Variables	Univariable analysis		Multivariate analysis
	p	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)
AST	0.043	1.015 (1–1.03)	0.019	1.06 (1.01–1.113)
SOD	0.027	0.991 (0.984–0.999)	0.164	0.993 (0.983–1.003)
RI	0.023	2.179 (1.112–4.27)	0.126	0.987 (0.971–1.004)
ALP	0.061	1.004 (1–1.008)	0.410	1.002 (0.998–1.006)
UA	0.004	1.003 (1.001–1.005)	0.569	0.455 (0.03–6.849)
β-HB	0.019	4.399 (1.281–15.106)	0.572	1.5 (0.367–6.131)
Ca	0.026	2.109 (1.092–4.076)	0.692	1.413 (0.256–7.806)
P	0.091	2.359 (0.872–6.379)	0.870	0.993 (0.909–1.084)
β2-MG	0.085	1.032 (0.996–1.07)	0.061	3.9 (0.94–16.183)
ABN	0.019	3.137 (1.206–8.162)	0.714	0.704 (0.107–4.612)
Intercept			0.238	0.096

FHR, functional high-risk; OR, Odds Ratio; CI, confidence interval; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; RI, renal impairment; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; UA, uric acid; β-HB, beta-hydroxybutyrate; Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus; β2-MG, beta2-microglobulin; ABN, chromosomal abnormality.

Figure 2. PFS (A) and OS (B) of patients with and without amp (1q21). PFS (C) or OS (D) of patients with and without del (17p13).

Figure 3. PFS (A) and OS (B) of patients with and without RI. PFS (C) or OS (D) of patients whether undertaking transplants with and without RI.

Figure 4. PFS (A) and OS (B) of patients with different levels of serum AST. PFS (C) or OS (D) of patients whether undertaking transplants with different serum AST levels.

Figure 5. PFS (A) and OS (B) of patients with different serum Scr and AST levels.