Future directions in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Figures & data

Figure 1. Buffy coat preparation.

Table 1. Summary of natural killer cell therapy after haploidentical stem cell transplantation studies.

Study	Diagnosis	N	NK cell	Treatment	Outcomes	Toxicities
Stern M, et al. [47]	AML, ALL, HL, Sarcoma	16	Donor-derived NK cells	Mostly refractory disease	5-year OS 25%	Grade 2–4 aGVHD 4/16
Choi I, et al. [44]	AML, ALL, MDS, NHL	41	Donor-derived IL-15, IL-21 NK cells	Mostly refractory disease	• r/r AML: EFS and OS 31% and 35% • r/r lymphoid malignancies: EFS and OS 0%	CI of grade 2–4 aGVHD 17%
Choi I, et al. [45]	AML, ALL	51	Donor-derived IL-15, IL-21 NK cells	Mostly refractory disease	3-year EFS and OS: 9% and 21%	aGVHD overlapping CRS 9/51
Jaiswal SR, et al. [46]	AML, PMF, CML, MPAL	10	CD56-enriched DLI	Mostly refractory disease	OS 50%	No grade 2–4 aGVHD
Ciurea S, et al. [48]	AML, MDS, CML	13	mbIL21 ex vivo–expanded donor-derived NK cells	Augmented therapy with transplantation	1 yr DFS & OS: 85% & 92%	No grade 3–4 aGVHD or cGVHD
Ciurea S, et al. [49]	AML, MDS, CML	25	mbIL21 ex vivo–expanded donor-derived NK cells	Augmented therapy with transplantation	2 yr RR & DFS: 4% & 66%	Grade 2 aGVHD 9/24, Grade 4 aGVHD 1/24
Lee KH, et al. [51]	AML, MDS	40	donor-derived IL-15, IL-21 NK cells	Mostly refractory disease	30-month PFS &OS: 33% & 35%	CI of grade 2–4 aGVHD 51%

Abbreviation: aGVHD acute graft-versus-host disease, ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia, AML acute myeloid leukemia, cGVHD chronic graft-versus-host disease, CI cumulative incidence, CML chronic myeloid leukemia, CRS cytokine release syndrome, DFS disease-free survival, DLI donor lymphocyte infusion, EFS event-free survival, HL Hodgkin lymphoma, IL interleukin, mb membrane-bound, MDS myelodysplastic syndromes, MPAL mixed-phenotype acute leukemia, NK natural killer, NHL non-Hodgkin lymphoma, OS overall survival, PFS progression-free survival, PMF primary myelofibrosis, RR relapse rate, r/r relapse/refractory

Table 2. Summary of chimeric receptor antigen T-cell therapy after haploidentical stem cell transplantation studies.

Study	Diagnosis	N	Type of CAR T-cell	Disease status	Outcomes	Toxicities
Kebriaei P, et al. [52]	ALL, NHL	8	CD19-specific CAR T cell, SB system	Refractory at haplo-SCT (5), remission at haplo-SCT (3)	1-year PFS & OS: 75% & 100%	Skin acute GVHD (1)
Jain T, et al. [53]	NHL	1	Axicabtagene ciloleucel	Relapse after haplo-SCT	CR at 270 days post CAR T-cell infusion	None
Schubert ML, et al. [54]	NHL	1	Axicabtagene ciloleucel	Relapse after haplo-SCT	PR	CRS I, ICANS IV
Lutfi F, et al. [55]	NHL	4	Axicabtagene ciloleucel	Relapse after haplo-SCT	PD (3), no evidence of disease (1)	CRS (3), ICANS (1)

Abbreviation: ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CAR chiemeric antigen receptor, CR complete response, CRS cytokine release syndrome, GVHD graft-versus-host disease, haplo haploidentical, ICANS immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, NHL non-Hodgkin lymphoma, OS overall survival, PD progression disease, PFS progression-free survival, PR partial response, SB sleeping beauty transposon, SCT stem cell transplantation,

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